Catalytic chemistry of glucose oxidase in cancer diagnosis and treatment
Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an endogenous oxido-reductase that is widely distributed in living organisms. Over recent years, GOx has attracted increasing interest in the biomedical field due to its inherent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and unique catalysis against β- d -glucose. GOx efficiently cata...
Saved in:
| Published in | Chemical Society reviews Vol. 47; no. 17; pp. 6454 - 6472 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
28.08.2018
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Summary: | Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an endogenous oxido-reductase that is widely distributed in living organisms. Over recent years, GOx has attracted increasing interest in the biomedical field due to its inherent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and unique catalysis against β-
d
-glucose. GOx efficiently catalyzes the oxidization of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
), which can be employed by various biosensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers. Various cancer therapeutic strategies have also been developed based on the catalytic chemistry of GOx: (1) the consumption of glucose provides an alternative strategy for cancer-starvation therapy; (2) the consumption of oxygen increases tumor hypoxia, which can be harnessed for hypoxia-activated therapy; (3) the generation of gluconic acid enhances the acidity of the tumor microenvironment, which can trigger pH-responsive drug release; (4) the generation of H
2
O
2
increases the levels of tumor oxidative stress, and the H
2
O
2
can be converted into toxic hydroxyl radicals that can kill cancer cells upon exposure to light irradiation or
via
the Fenton reaction. More importantly, GOx can be combined with other enzymes, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, photosensitizers or Fenton's reagents, to generate multi-modal synergistic cancer therapies based on cancer starvation therapy, hypoxia-activated therapy, oxidation therapy, photodynamic therapy, and/or photothermal therapy. Such multi-modal approaches are anticipated to exert a stronger therapeutic effect than one therapeutic mode alone. Thus, maximizing the potential of GOx in a biomedical context will offer novel clinical solutions to diagnose and treat cancer. In this tutorial review, we introduce the recent advances of GOx in cancer diagnosis and treatment. We then emphasize the design principles and biomedical applications of GOx-based biosensors and cancer therapeutic approaches. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of GOx-based catalytic systems in biomedicine.
This tutorial review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in GOx-based cancer diagnosis and treatment, including the general principles for the design and construction of GOx-based biosensors and cancer therapeutic approaches, and their biological applications in detail. Moreover, the current trends and key problems, as well as the challenges and future prospects of GOx-based catalytic systems in biomedicine are also discussed in the end. |
|---|---|
| Bibliography: | Peng Huang received his PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2012. Then he joined the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a postdoctoral fellow. In 2015, he moved to Shenzhen University (SZU) as a Distinguished Professor, Chief of Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), and the Director of Department of Molecular Imaging. He has published over 120 papers and numerous book chapters. His research focuses on the design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of molecular imaging contrast agents, stimuli-responsive programmed targeting drug delivery systems, and activatable theranostics. Jing Lin received her PhD in Organic Chemistry from the Donghua University and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2010. Then she joined the PharmaResources (Shanghai) Co., Ltd as a group leader. After two years, she moved to United States of America and spent 4 years as a postdoc at the University of Maryland and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She joined the faculty of Shenzhen University (SZU) in 2016 and was promoted as a Distinguished Professor in 2018. Her research focuses on self-assembly of functional nanomaterials for diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics of diseases. Chao Qi received his PhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry from Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016. Then he joined the Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) at Shenzhen University (SZU) as a postdoctoral fellow. His research interest focuses on the biomimetic synthesis of nanostructured biomaterials for biomedical applications including diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics. Lian-Hua Fu received her PhD in Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products from Beijing Forestry University in 2017. Then she joined the Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) at Shenzhen University (SZU) as a postdoctoral fellow. Her research interests focus on the biomimetic synthesis of calcium-based biomaterials and natural polymer hydrogels, and their biomedical applications including diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics. |
| ISSN: | 0306-0012 1460-4744 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c7cs00891k |