The Maillard Reaction for Sunlight Protection

• Published in: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol. 1043; no. 1; pp. 174 - 183
• Main Authors: FUSARO, RAMON M., RICE, EDWIN G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2005
• Subjects: Administration, Topical; Cornea - drug effects; Cornea - radiation effects; Dihydroxyacetone; Dihydroxyacetone - administration & dosage; Dihydroxyacetone - therapeutic use; European Continental Ancestry Group; Humans; keratin sunscreen; Keratins; Maillard Reaction; melanoidins; Naphthoquinones - administration & dosage; Naphthoquinones - therapeutic use; Patients; photosensitivities; Springs; Summer; sunburn; Sunlight; Sunlight - adverse effects; Sunscreening Agents - administration & dosage; Sunscreening Agents - therapeutic use; Superplastic forming; Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects; ultraviolet/Soret band protection
• ISSN: 0077-8923; 1749-6632
• DOI: 10.1196/annals.1333.022

: During seven months of a clinical trial in spring, summer, and fall, 30 UVA/B/Soret band‐photosensitive patients used sequential topical applications of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) followed by naphthoquinone only at bedtime and received excellent photoprotection without a single therapeutic failure or loss of any patient to follow‐up. Eighteen of the 30 patients extended the limits of their photoprotection repeatedly over a seven‐month period to tolerate without sunburns six to eight hours of midday sunlight under all kinds of occupational and recreational environmental conditions. Previously, the use of 3% DHA topically in earlier studies gave only a sun protection factor (SPF) of 3. In this reanalysis of the original notes of a previous clinical study of the melanoidins produced by DHA followed by naphthoquinone in the keratin layers of the epidermis of minimally pigmented Caucasian photosensitive patients, it is determined that these patients received a minimal UVB photoprotection of SPF 18 or more. This represents at least a sixfold amplification of the UVB photoprotective effect over the use of only dihydroxyacetone in the Maillard reaction.