An unintended challenge of microplastic pollution in the urban surface water system of Lahore, Pakistan

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 27; no. 14; pp. 16718 - 16730
• Main Authors: Irfan, Muhammad, Qadir, Abdul, Mumtaz, Mehvish, Ahmad, Sajid Rashid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abundance; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Beads; Canals; Carrier density; Chemical composition; Drainage canals; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fibers; Foams; Fragments; Freshwater resources; Microplastics; Plastic debris; Plastic foam; Plastic pollution; Pollution; Polyethylene; Polyethylenes; Polymers; Polypropylene; Polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Relative abundance; Research Article; Rivers; Sediments; Surface water; Urban areas; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water pollution; Water Pollution Control; Lahore Pakistan; Pakistan; Metropolitan city; Pakistan; Microplastic pollution; Freshwater microplastics; Surface water
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08114-7

Plastics are widely considered to be a major threat particularly in the urban areas owing to extensive use of plastic products. The current study is the first investigation to highlight the microplastics (MPs) pollution from the freshwater (Ravi River) located in the predominant urban center, i.e., Lahore, Pakistan. The concentration profile was quantified from surface water ( n = 19 ) and sediments ( n = 19 ) collected from different drains and canals of predominant freshwater resources in Lahore, Pakistan. The highest content of MPs was observed in the sullage carrier with mean concentration of 16,150 ± 80 MPs/m 3 and 40,536 ± 202 MPs/m 2 in the water and sediments respectively. The lowest level was detected in the link canals with mean concentration of 190 ± 141 MPs/m 3 in the water and 683 ± 479 MPs/m 2 in the sediments. The proportion of large size MPs (300 μm–5 mm) was maximum in the upstream section of Ravi river, whereas fine size MPs (50–150 μm) were dominant in the downstream section. In terms of shapes, the fragments were predominant with a relative abundance of 56.1% and 83.1% followed by fibers with a relative abundance of 38.6% and 11.8% in the water and sediments respectively. The chemical composition analysis showed that most of the fibers, fragments, and beads were polyethylene while the sheets were composed of polypropylene. Nevertheless, the foams isolated from the samples were composed of polystyrene. Within 24 h, about 2.4 ± 2.4 billion microplastic pieces were estimated to be transported from a single water channel into the river. The highest discharge of MPs was estimated from the sullage carrier with about 7 billion pieces/day.