Morphology development and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) blends

• Published in: European polymer journal Vol. 46; no. 8; pp. 1696 - 1704
• Main Authors: Kim, Geon Seok, Son, Jae Myoung, Lee, Jong Kwan, Lee, Kwang Hee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Blends; Crystallization; Crystals; Exact sciences and technology; Morphology; Organic polymers; PET; Physicochemistry of polymers; Polyethylene terephthalates; Polymer blends; Properties and characterization; PTT; Surface layer; Terephthalate; Texture; PTT; Morphology; PET; Crystallization; Ethylene terephthalate polymer; Polymer blends; Alkyl terephthalate polymer; Composition effect; Experimental study; Melt crystallization; Lamellar structure; Spherulites; Homogeneous mixtures; PIT; Isothermal crystallization
• ISSN: 0014-3057; 1873-1945
• DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.06.003

Optical micrograph of 50/50 blend sample first crystallized completely at 200 °C after annealing at 280 °C for 60 min and subsequently crystallized at 160 °C for 10 min. Note that the non-spherulitic texture can be observed around the boundaries of the pre-existing PET spherulites. The spherulite morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blends were investigated with optical microscopy (OM), small-angle light scattering (SALS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The thermal analysis showed that PET and PTT were miscible in the melt over the entire composition range. The rejected distance of non-crystallizable species, which was represented in terms of the parameter δ, played an important role in determining the morphological patterns of the blends at a specific crystallization temperature regime. The parameter δ could be controlled by variation of the composition, the crystallization temperature, and the level of transesterification. In the case of two-step crystallization, the crystallization of PTT commenced in the interspherulitic region between the grown PET crystals and proceeded until the interspherulitic space was filled with PTT crystals. The spherulitic surface of the PET crystals acted as nucleation sites where PTT preferentially crystallized, leading to the formation of non-spherulitic crystalline texture. The SALS results suggested that the growth pattern of the PET crystals was significantly changed by the presence of the PTT molecules. The lamellar morphology parameters were evaluated by a one-dimensional correlation function analysis. The blends that crystallized above the melting point of PTT showed a larger amorphous layer thickness than the pure PET, indicating that the non-crystallizable PTT component might be incorporated into the interlamellar region of the PET crystals. With an increased level of transesterification, the exclusion of non-crystallizable species from the lamellar stacks was favorable due to the lower crystal growth rates. As a result, the amorphous layer thickness of the PET crystals decreased as the annealing time in the melt state was increased.