Molecular Genetic and Immune Functional Responses Distinguish Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Hepatic Stellate Cells

• Published in: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Vol. 37; no. 8; pp. 1075 - 1082
• Main Authors: Chinnadurai, Raghavan, Sands, Jenna, Rajan, Devi, Liu, Xiao, Arafat, Dalia, Das, Rahul, Anania, Frank A., Gibson, Greg, Kisseleva, Tatiana, Galipeau, Jacques
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2019; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Biology; Bone marrow; Cell culture; Cell growth; Cell proliferation; Chemokines; Dioxygenase; Discordance; Growth factors; Hepatic stellate cells; Hepatocyte growth factor; Immune suppression; Inflammation; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Liver; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix metalloproteinases; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal stromal cells; Mesenchyme; Metalloproteinase; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Phenotypes; Phenotypic plasticity; Plastic properties; Plasticity; Secretome; Stellate cells; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Stromal cells; Transcriptome; Immune suppression; Mesenchymal stromal cells; Hepatic stellate cells; Secretome; Transcriptome
• ISSN: 1066-5099; 1549-4918
• DOI: 10.1002/stem.3028

Defining the immune physiology of culture‐adapted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from distinct tissue compartments informs their potential utility as pharmaceuticals. Here, we have investigated the comparative immune plasticity of MSCs and hepatic stellate cells (HeSCs) isolated from human and murine bone marrow (BM) and liver, respectively. Although both BM‐MSCs and HeSCs share mesenchymal phenotype and overall molecular genetic responses to inflammatory cues, HeSCs differ from BM‐MSCs in a meaningful manner. We show that culture‐adapted HeSCs express substantially higher levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), matrix metalloproteinase‐1, and chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) than BM‐MSCs. Both human BM‐MSCs and HeSCs inhibit T‐cell proliferation by a shared indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO)‐dependent mechanism. However, HeSCs are distinct from BM‐MSCs by their significant differential expression of HGF, CCL2, IL‐8, CCL11, and GMCSF when cocultured with and/or without activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have investigated MSCs and HeSCs derived from murine systems to describe interspecies comparability. Murine BM‐MSCs inhibit T‐cell proliferation through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) but not IDO. However, murine HeSCs inhibit T‐cell proliferation through a mechanism distinct from either IDO or iNOS. Altogether, these results suggest that although culture‐adapted BM‐MSCs and HeSCs display a similar phenotype, their secretome and immune plasticity are in part distinct likely mirroring their tissular origins. In addition, the discordance in immune biology between mouse and human sourced HeSC and BM‐MSCs speaks to the importance of comparative biology when interrogating rodent systems for human translational insights. Stem Cells 2019;37:1075–1082 Molecular genetic and immune functional responses distinguish the immune physiology of mesenchymal stromal cells and hepatic stellate cells despite sharing mesenchymal phenotype. In addition, the immunosuppressive pathways of these cell types between murine and of human origin are different.