Ticking for Metabolic Health: The Skeletal‐Muscle Clocks

To be prepared for alternating metabolic demands occurring over the 24‐hour day, the body preserves information on time in skeletal muscle, and in all cells, through a circadian‐clock mechanism. Skeletal muscle can be considered the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the body, with a major c...

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Published inObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 28; no. S1; pp. S46 - S54
Main Authors Gutierrez‐Monreal, Miguel A., Harmsen, Jan‐Frieder, Schrauwen, Patrick, Esser, Karyn A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2020
Subjects
Animals
Biopsy
Circadian Clocks - physiology
Circadian rhythm
Circadian Rhythm - physiology
Energy
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Exercise
Gene expression
Glucose
Humans
Insulin resistance
Light
Mammals
Meals
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Musculoskeletal system
Physical fitness
Sleep
Studies
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Summary:To be prepared for alternating metabolic demands occurring over the 24‐hour day, the body preserves information on time in skeletal muscle, and in all cells, through a circadian‐clock mechanism. Skeletal muscle can be considered the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the body, with a major contribution to whole‐body energy metabolism. Comparison of circadian‐clock gene expression between skeletal muscle of nocturnal rodents and diurnal humans reveals very common patterns based on rest/active cycles rather than light/dark cycles. Rodent studies in which the circadian clock is disrupted in skeletal muscle demonstrate impaired glucose handling and insulin resistance. Experimental circadian misalignment in humans modifies the skeletal‐muscle clocks and leads to disturbed energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Preclinical studies have revealed that timing of exercise over the day can influence the beneficial effects of exercise on skeletal‐muscle metabolism, and studies suggest similar applicability in humans. Current strategies to improve metabolic health (e.g., exercise) should be reinvestigated in their capability to modify the skeletal‐muscle clocks by taking timing of the intervention into account.
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MA Gutierrez-Monreal and JF Harmsen contributed equally to this work
KA Esser and P Schrauwen are co-senior authors
ISSN:1930-7381
1930-739X
DOI:10.1002/oby.22826