Herpes zoster meningitis in immunocompetent children: Two case reports and a literature review

• Published in: Pediatrics international Vol. 59; no. 10; pp. 1116 - 1118
• Main Authors: Itoh, Naohiro, Motokura, Kouji, Kumakura, Akira, Hata, Daisuke, Hata, Atsuko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2017
• Subjects: Acyclovir; Acyclovir - therapeutic use; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Antiviral drugs; Case reports; Child; Children; Herpes zoster; Herpes Zoster - diagnosis; Herpes Zoster - drug therapy; Herpes Zoster - immunology; Humans; Immunocompetence; immunocompetent children; Literature reviews; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis, Viral - diagnosis; Meningitis, Viral - drug therapy; Meningitis, Viral - immunology; Pediatrics; Renal function; Vaccines; Varicella; varicella vaccine; Viruses; varicella vaccine; Herpes zoster; acyclovir; immunocompetent children; meningitis
• ISSN: 1328-8067; 1442-200X
• DOI: 10.1111/ped.13362

We encountered two cases of Herpes zoster (HZ) meningitis, a rarely occurring complication of HZ, in previously healthy children. One patient treated with i.v. acyclovir (ACV, 31 mg/kg/day) did not recover. His symptoms were relieved somewhat by increased ACV dosage, but it caused transient renal dysfunction. Another patient treated with i.v. ACV (30 mg/kg/day) recovered. Treatment for HZ meningitis in immunocompetent children has not been established. In a literature review, 80% of 20 patients were treated with the usual dose of ACV 15–30 mg/kg/day. The present cases suggest that a high dosage of ACV up to 60 mg/kg/day should be considered (while monitoring for side‐effects) unless symptoms improve. In the review, one of every three vaccine‐strain Varicella zoster virus (VZV) cases was severe, whereas the present cases resulted from wild type. Further investigations must examine different clinical characteristics of HZ meningitis caused by wild‐type and vaccine‐strain VZV.