Natively fat‐suppressed 5D whole‐heart MRI with a radial free‐running fast‐interrupted steady‐state (FISS) sequence at 1.5T and 3T
Purpose To implement, optimize, and test fast interrupted steady‐state (FISS) for natively fat‐suppressed free‐running 5D whole‐heart MRI at 1.5 tesla (T) and 3T. Methods FISS was implemented for fully self‐gated free‐running cardiac‐ and respiratory‐motion‐resolved radial imaging of the heart at 1....
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Published in | Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 83; no. 1; pp. 45 - 55 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.01.2020
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Purpose
To implement, optimize, and test fast interrupted steady‐state (FISS) for natively fat‐suppressed free‐running 5D whole‐heart MRI at 1.5 tesla (T) and 3T.
Methods
FISS was implemented for fully self‐gated free‐running cardiac‐ and respiratory‐motion‐resolved radial imaging of the heart at 1.5T and 3T. Numerical simulations and phantom scans were performed to compare fat suppression characteristics and to determine parameter ranges (number of readouts [NR] per FISS module and TR) for effective fat suppression. Subsequently, free‐running FISS data were collected in 10 healthy volunteers and images were reconstructed with compressed sensing. All acquisitions were compared with a continuous balanced steady‐state free precession version of the same sequence, and both fat suppression and scan times were analyzed.
Results
Simulations demonstrate a variable width and location of suppression bands in FISS that were dependent on TR and NR. For a fat suppression bandwidth of 100 Hz and NR ≤ 8, simulations demonstrated that a TR between 2.2 ms and 3.0 ms is required at 1.5T, whereas a range of 3.0 ms to 3.5 ms applies at 3T. Fat signal increases with NR. These findings were corroborated in phantom experiments. In volunteers, fat SNR was significantly decreased using FISS compared with balanced steady‐state free precession (P < 0.05) at both field strengths. After protocol optimization, high‐resolution (1.1 mm3) 5D whole‐heart free‐running FISS can be performed with effective fat suppression in under 8 min at 1.5T and 3T at a modest scan time increase compared to balanced steady‐state free precession.
Conclusion
An optimal FISS parameter range was determined enabling natively fat‐suppressed 5D whole‐heart free‐running MRI with a single continuous scan at 1.5T and 3T, demonstrating potential for cardiac imaging and noncontrast angiography. |
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Bibliography: | Funding information J.A.M.B.: Swiss National Science Foundation, grant number PZ00P3_167871; Emma Muschamp Foundation and Swiss Heart Foundation. M.S.: Swiss National Science Foundation, grant numbers 173129, 150828, and 143923. R.R.E.: National Institutes of Health, grant numbers R01 HL130093 and R01 HL137920. I.K.: National Institutes of Health, grant number R01 EB027475. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contributions were as follows: JB designed the study, implemented the sequence, performed the simulations, acquired and analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. DP contributed the sequence code for free-running and contributed to the study design. LDS provided the self-gating code, CR and JH contributed to the data acquisition, IK and RRE provided sequence code snippets for FISS, JY provided the 5D reconstruction framework, MS contributed to the study design and drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and revised the manuscript. |
ISSN: | 0740-3194 1522-2594 |
DOI: | 10.1002/mrm.27942 |