Predicting drought tolerance from slope aspect preference in restored plant communities

• Published in: Ecology and evolution Vol. 7; no. 9; pp. 3123 - 3131
• Main Authors: Kimball, Sarah, E. Lulow, Megan, R. Balazs, Kathleen, Huxman, Travis E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2017; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Abundance; Aridity; Avoidance; coastal sage scrub; Dormancy; Drought; Drought resistance; drought response; grassland; Heterogeneity; Landscape; microhabitat preference; Microhabitats; Original Research; Plant communities; Plant populations; Restoration; Slopes; drought response; microhabitat preference; grassland; restoration; coastal sage scrub
• ISSN: 2045-7758; 2045-7758
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2881

Summary Plants employ strategies of tolerance, endurance, and avoidance to cope with aridity in space and time, yet understanding the differential importance of such strategies in determining patterns of abundance across a heterogeneous landscape is a challenge. Are the species abundant in drier microhabitats also better able to survive drought? Are there relationships among occupied sites and temporal dynamics that derive from physiological capacities to cope with stress or dormancy during unfavorable periods? We used a restoration project conducted on two slope aspects in a subwatershed to test whether species that were more abundant on more water‐limited S‐facing slopes were also better able to survive an extreme drought. The attempt to place many species uniformly on different slope aspects provided an excellent opportunity to test questions of growth strategy, niche preference, and temporal dynamics. Perennial species that established and grew best on S‐facing slopes also had greater increases in cover during years of drought, presumably by employing drought tolerance and endurance techniques. The opposite pattern emerged for annual species that employed drought‐escape strategies, such that annuals that occupied S‐facing slopes were less abundant during the drought than those that were more abundant on N‐facing slopes. Our results clarify how different functional strategies interact with spatial and temporal heterogeneity to influence population and community dynamics and demonstrate how large restoration projects provide opportunities to test fundamental ecological questions. Here, we summarize 4 years of data in a 25‐hectare experimental restoration system to determine whether preference for dry microsites, primarily polar‐facing slope aspects, is related to changes in cover during a severe drought for 21 species of a variety of functional types and life history strategies. We found that for perennial species there was a strong relationship between spatial niche and performance in time; dry microsite preference predicted positive cover responses through drought. However, we observed the opposite pattern for short‐lived species, such that species preferring dry slope aspects were more severely impacted by drought. These results point to the importance of using knowledge of life history to constrain models that use niche patterns in space to predict patterns in abundance through time. Results also highlight the utility of leveraging anthropogenic experiments occurring at large scales to address fundamental ecological questions.