Comparative study of tapered versus conventional cylindrical balloon for stent implantation in stenotic tapered artery

• Published in: Artificial organs Vol. 44; no. 7; pp. 727 - 735
• Main Authors: Shen, Xiang, Jiang, Jiabao, Zhu, Hongfei, Lu, Kaikai, Dong, Pengfei, Gu, Linxia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.07.2020
• Subjects: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary - instrumentation; arterial mechanics; Arteries; balloon configuration; Balloon treatment; Biomechanics; Comparative studies; Coronary artery; Coronary Stenosis - surgery; Coronary Vessels - injuries; Coronary Vessels - surgery; Finite Element Analysis; Finite element method; Health risks; Humans; Implantation; Implants; Mechanical properties; Medical equipment; Models, Cardiovascular; Prosthesis Design - methods; stent expansion; Stents; Stents - adverse effects; Stress; Stress concentration; Stress distribution; Stress, Mechanical; Surgical implants; tapered artery; tapered balloon; Tapering; Veins & arteries; tapered balloon; tapered artery; balloon configuration; finite element analysis; arterial mechanics; stent expansion
• ISSN: 0160-564X; 1525-1594
• DOI: 10.1111/aor.13661

The natural tapering of coronary arteries often creates a dilemma for optimal balloon sizing during stenting. The influence of different balloon types, namely, a tapered balloon and a conventional cylindrical balloon, on the mechanical performance of the stent as well as arterial mechanics was investigated via the finite element method. Stent free‐expansion and stent deployment in a stenotic tapered artery were investigated numerically. The biomechanical behavior of the two balloon types was compared in terms of stent foreshortening, stent deformation, stent stress distribution, and arterial wall stress distribution. Results indicate that balloon types affect the transient behavior of the stent and the arterial mechanics. Specifically, a tapered balloon could maintain the natural tapering of the coronary artery after stent expansion. In contrast to a cylindrical balloon, tapered balloon also mitigated the foreshortening of the stent (7.69%) as well as the stress concentration in the stent and artery (8.61% and 4.17%, respectively). Hence, tapered balloons should be used in tapered arteries as they may result in low risk of artery injury. This study might provide insights for improved balloon choice and presurgical planning.