Gut microflora may facilitate adaptation to anthropic habitat: A comparative study in Rattus

• Published in: Ecology and evolution Vol. 8; no. 13; pp. 6463 - 6472
• Main Authors: Varudkar, Amruta, Ramakrishnan, Uma
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2018; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: 16s metagenomics; Adaptation; anthropo‐dependent; Communities; Comparative studies; Diet; Digestive system; Ecosystems; Environmental factors; Genetic distance; Habitats; Intestinal microflora; Laboratories; Morphology; Original Research; physiological plasticity; Physiology; Rattus; Rattus rattus; Rattus satarae; Seasonal variations; Species; Studies; Western Ghats; India; physiological plasticity; intestinal microflora; Rattus rattus; 16s metagenomics; anthropo‐dependent; Rattus satarae
• ISSN: 2045-7758; 2045-7758
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4040

Anthropophilic species (“commensal” species) that are completely dependent upon anthropic habitats experience different selective pressures particularly in terms of food than their noncommensal counterparts. Using a next‐generation sequencing approach, we characterized and compared the gut microflora community of 53 commensal Rattus rattus and 59 noncommensal Rattus satarae captured in 10 locations in the Western Ghats, India. We observed that, while species identity was important in characterizing the microflora communities of the two Rattus hosts, environmental factors also had a significant effect. While there was significant geographic variation in the microflora of the noncommensal R. satarae, there was no effect of geographic distance on gut microflora of the commensal R. rattus. Interestingly, host genetic distance did not significantly influence the community in either Rattus hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that a shift in habitat is likely to result in a change in the gut microflora community and imply that the gut microflora is a complex trait, influenced by various parameters in different habitats. This study documents the intestinal microflora diversity of two ecologically differentiated, yet sympatric Rattus species and examines the effect of habitat association.