Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lac...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 958790
Main Authors Chen, Jiahao, Liu, Qinhui, He, Jinhan, Li, Yanping
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 15.08.2022
Subjects
diabetic nephropathy
immune responses
Immunology
inflammation
pathogenesis
therapeutic target
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Summary:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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This article was submitted to Inflammation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Nehal Mohsen Elsherbiny, Mansoura University, Egypt; Haiyong Chen, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Edited by: Yingmei Feng, Capital Medical University, China
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790