Adaptation to Climate Across the Arabidopsis thaliana Genome

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 334; no. 6052; pp. 83 - 86
• Main Authors: Hancock, Angela M., Brachi, Benjamin, Faure, Nathalie, Horton, Matthew W., Jarymowycz, Lucien B., Sperone, F. Gianluca, Toomajian, Chris, Roux, Fabrice, Bergelson, Joy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Association for the Advancement of Science 07.10.2011; The American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
• Subjects: Acclimatization - genetics; Adaptation; Adaptation, Physiological - genetics; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Alleles; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - growth & development; Arabidopsis - physiology; Arabidopsis thaliana; Asia; Biological and medical sciences; Climate; Climate Change; Climate change adaptation; Climate models; Energy Metabolism; Europe; Evolutionary biology; Evolutionary genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetic Fitness; Genetic Pleiotropy; Genetic variation; Genetics; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Genome, Plant; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomes; Geographic regions; Life Sciences; Linkage Disequilibrium; Photoperiod; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Populations and Evolution; Selection, Genetic; Temperature; Water; Asia; Europe; Environmental factor; Genetic determinism; Arabidopsis thaliana; Climatic condition; Variant; Allele; Cruciferae; Dicotyledones; Aminoacid; Angiospermae; Environment; Spermatophyta; Experimental plant; Genome; Locus; Adaptation
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.1209244

Understanding the genetic bases and modes of adaptation to current climatic conditions is essential to accurately predict responses to future environmental change. We conducted a genome-wide scan to identify climate-adaptive genetic loci and pathways in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Amino acid—changing variants were significantly enriched among the loci strongly correlated with climate, suggesting that our scan effectively detects adaptive alleles. Moreover, from our results, we successfully predicted relative fitness among a set of geographically diverse A. thaliana accessions when grown together in a common environment. Our results provide a set of candidates for dissecting the molecular bases of climate adaptations, as well as insights about the prevalence of selective sweeps, which has implications for predicting the rate of adaptation.