Changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations among free-living hyperlipidemic men adopting different carbohydrate intakes over 2 y: the Dietary Alternatives Study

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 62; no. 5; pp. 988 - 995
• Main Authors: Retzlaff, BM, Walden, CE, Dowdy, AA, McCann, BS, Anderson, KV, Knopp, RH
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Elsevier Inc 01.11.1995; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: administration & dosage; Biological and medical sciences; blood; blood lipids; blood plasma; Body Weight; CARBOHIDRATOS; Carbohydrates; CHOLESTEROL; COLESTEROL; Diet; Diet - statistics & numerical data; diet therapy; Diet, Fat-Restricted; DIETA; dietary carbohydrate; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Disorders of blood lipids. Hyperlipoproteinemia; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; GLUCIDE; HEMOLIPIDOS; HIPERLIPIDEMIA; HOMBRES; HOMME; Humans; hypercholesterolemia; Hypercholesterolemia - blood; Hypercholesterolemia - diet therapy; Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined; Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined - blood; Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined - diet therapy; HYPERLIPIDEMIE; hypertriglyceridemia; INGESTION DE NUTRIENTES; INGESTION DE SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES; LIPIDE SANGUIN; Lipids; longitudinal studies; Male; Medical sciences; men; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; nutrient intake; Nutrition Surveys; PESO; PLASMA SANGUIN; PLASMA SANGUINEO; POIDS; REGIME ALIMENTAIRE; statistics & numerical data; triacylglycerols; TRIGLICERIDOS; TRIGLYCERIDE; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Human; Nutrition; Metabolic diseases; Lipids; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Triglyceride; Long term; Feeding; Hypercholesterolemia; Diet therapy; Diet; Food intake; Carbohydrate; Hyperlipemia; Macronutrient; Triglyceridemia
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/62.5.988

We reported previously that low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets containing < 26% of energy as fat and > 57% of energy as carbohydrate induce hypertriacylglycerolemia (hypertriglyceridemia) in hypercholesterolemic but not in combined hyperlipidemic (CHL) subjects. Because subjects may not consistently adhere to an assigned diet long term, we examined the extent to which plasma triacylglycerols (triglycerides) increase at four consistently reported carbohydrate intakes at intervals of up to 2 y. Three hundred seventy-two subjects reported consistent carbohydrate intakes of < 45%, 45-51.9%, 52-59.9%, or > or = 60% of energy on food records for 3, 12, and 24 mo. Among hypercholesterolemic subjects reporting a carbohydrate intake > or = 60% of energy, triacylglycerols increased by 0.25, 0.18, and 0.27 mmol/L (22, 16, and 24 mg/dL) over baseline at 3, 12, and 24 mo, respectively (P < 0.01 in each instance), and 0.32 mmol/L (28 mg/dL) above the group with a carbohydrate intake 52-59.9% of energy (P < 0.05) after 3 mo. No statistically significant effects were observed among CHL subjects, but compared with baseline, triacylglycerols decreased during the first 3 mo (-0.29 to -0.04 mmol/L, or -26 to -4 mg/dL), were unchanged over 12 mo, and were increased after 24 mo in three of four carbohydrate intake strata (0.27-0.36 mmol/L, or 24-32 mg/dL). These data confirm our previous observation that a moderately but not extremely low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet can be used long-term without deleterious effects on plasma triacylglycerols in the management of hypercholesterolemia, whereas CHL is unaffected by the amount of carbohydrate ingested.