Antigen-specific regulatory T-cell responses to intestinal microbiota

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract can harbor both beneficial commensal bacteria important for host health, but also pathogenic bacteria capable of intestinal damage. It is therefore important that the host immune system mount the appropriate immune response to these divergent groups of bacteria–p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inMucosal immunology Vol. 10; no. 6; pp. 1375 - 1386
Main Authors Russler-Germain, E V, Rengarajan, S, Hsieh, C-S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.11.2017
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
631/250/1619/554/1898/1271
631/250/1933
692/4020/2741/2135
Adaptive immunity
Allergology
Animals
Antibodies
Antigens
Antigens, Bacterial - immunology
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Bacteria
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Colon - immunology
Colon - microbiology
Divergence
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
Gastrointestinal tract
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune response
Immunity, Cellular
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A - metabolism
Immunological tolerance
Immunology
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Microbiota
review
Symbiosis
T cell receptors
T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology
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Summary:The mammalian gastrointestinal tract can harbor both beneficial commensal bacteria important for host health, but also pathogenic bacteria capable of intestinal damage. It is therefore important that the host immune system mount the appropriate immune response to these divergent groups of bacteria–promoting tolerance in response to commensal bacteria and sterilizing immunity in response to pathogenic bacteria. Failure to induce tolerance to commensal bacteria may underlie immune-mediated diseases such as human inflammatory bowel disease. At homeostasis, regulatory T (Treg) cells are a key component of the tolerogenic response by adaptive immunity. This review examines the mechanisms by which intestinal bacteria influence colonic T-cells and B-cell immunoglobulin A (IgA) induction, with an emphasis on Treg cells and the role of antigen-specificity in these processes. In addition to discussing key primary literature, this review highlights current controversies and important future directions.
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ISSN:1933-0219
1935-3456
DOI:10.1038/mi.2017.65