Deranged Coagulation Profile Secondary to Cefazolin Use: Case Report

• Published in: Infectious disease reports Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 187 - 190
• Main Authors: Ngiam, Jinghao Nicholas, Liong, Tze Sian, Tham, Sai Meng, Pramotedham, Thanawin, AlAgha, Rawan, Yong, Joy, Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah, Lum, Lionel Hon Wai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Case Report; Case reports; Cefazolin; Cephalosporins; Coagulase; Coagulation; coagulopathy; Disease prevention; Drug dosages; elevated international normalised ratio; Endocarditis; Hematuria; Hypertension; Informed consent; Intravenous administration; Kidney diseases; Malnutrition; Metabolites; Methicillin; Patients; Peritoneal dialysis; Pneumonia; Renal function; Side effects; Toxicity; Vitamin K; cefazolin; elevated international normalised ratio; coagulopathy
• ISSN: 2036-7430; 2036-7449; 2036-7449
• DOI: 10.3390/idr13010021

Cefazolin is a widely used first-generation cephalosporin. While generally well tolerated, several case reports have described severe coagulopathy induced by intravenous (IV) cefazolin. This was seen particularly in patients with impaired renal function, where antibiotic choice is limited and may require specific dose adjustments. Altered renal handling of antibiotics and their metabolites may potentiate toxicity and side effects. We report a case of a 72-year-old Chinese man who had been treated for methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, coagulase-positive) infective endocarditis with cefazolin and, consequently, developed significantly elevated international normalised ratio (INR) while on therapy. This resolved within 48 h after cessation of cefazolin and administration of oral vitamin K. Malnourished patients with pre-existing or acute kidney injury may be at an increased risk of cefazolin-related coagulopathy.