Association between free sugars intake and nutrient dilution among Japanese adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

Purpose The association between free sugars and nutrient intake is unclear in Japanese adults with relatively low free sugars intake. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate this relationship using data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, and according to the current Wor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEuropean journal of nutrition Vol. 59; no. 8; pp. 3827 - 3839
Main Authors Fujiwara, Aya, Okada, Emiko, Okada, Chika, Matsumoto, Mai, Takimoto, Hidemi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2020
Springer Nature B.V
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Summary:Purpose The association between free sugars and nutrient intake is unclear in Japanese adults with relatively low free sugars intake. This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate this relationship using data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan, and according to the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the prevention of nutrient dilution [< 5% or < 10% of energy (%E)]. Methods Dietary intake of Japanese adults (aged ≥ 20 years; n  = 16,652) was assessed using a 1-day weighed dietary record. Mean intakes for selected nutrients and food groups were compared among categories of free sugars intake (i.e., < 2.5%E, 2.5 to < 5%E, 5 to < 10%E, and ≥ 10%E) by adjusting for sex, age, weight status, smoking status, habitual drinking, and occupation. Results Free sugars intake was inversely associated with the intake of 16 of 24 micronutrients investigated. Compared to its lower categories of free sugars intake, significant reductions in intake were identified for almost all micronutrients at ≥ 10%E, whereas ten micronutrients were reduced at 5 to < 10%E. The intake of dietary fibre, sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron was lower at < 2.5%E than at 2.5 to < 5%E and/or 5 to < 10%E. Free sugars intake was also positively associated with sugars and jams, confectionaries, fruit and vegetable juices, and soft drinks and inversely with pulses and nuts and vegetables. Conclusions This study identified nutrient dilution among Japanese adults with higher free sugars intake and confirmed the significance of the WHO guidelines for preventing nutrient dilution in Japanese.
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ISSN:1436-6207
1436-6215
DOI:10.1007/s00394-020-02213-4