Macrophage membrane (MMs) camouflaged near-infrared (NIR) responsive bone defect area targeting nanocarrier delivery system (BTNDS) for rapid repair: promoting osteogenesis via phototherapy and modulating immunity

• Published in: Journal of nanobiotechnology Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 87 - 23
• Main Authors: Xue, Peng, Chang, Zhiyong, Chen, Hao, Xi, Hongzhong, Tan, Xiaoxue, He, Shuai, Qiao, Haishi, Jiang, Xiaohong, Liu, Xin, Du, Bin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 01.03.2024; BMC
• Subjects: Anti-inflammation; Avidin; Biomedical materials; Biotechnology; Biotin; Black phosphorus nanosheets; Bone defect targeting; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bones; Calcium ions; Calcium phosphates; Cell culture; Defects; Design; Drug delivery systems; Growth factors; Inflammation; Ions; Irradiation; Macrophages; Medical research; Membranes; Nanosheets; Near infrared radiation; Orthopedics; Osteogenesis; Phosphorus; Phototherapy; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Substitute bone; Tissue engineering; Tricalcium phosphate; China; Black phosphorus nanosheets; Bone defect targeting; Anti-inflammation; Osteogenesis; Phototherapy
• ISSN: 1477-3155; 1477-3155
• DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02351-5

Bone defects remain a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics, but no targeted medication can solve these problems. Inspired by inflammatory targeting properties of macrophages, inflammatory microenvironment of bone defects was exploited to develop a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of targeting bone defects and promoting bone regeneration. The avidin-modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Avidin, BP Avi ) were combined with biotin-modified Icaritin (ICT-Biotin, ICT Bio ) to synthesize Icaritin (ICT)-loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BP ICT ). BP ICT was then coated with macrophage membranes (MMs) to obtain MMs-camouflaged BP ICT (M@BP ICT ). Herein, MMs allowed BP ICT to target bone defects area, and BP ICT accelerated the release of phosphate ions (PO 4 3− ) and ICT when exposed to NIR irradiation. PO 4 3− recruited calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) from the microenvironment to produce Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and ICT increased the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. Additionally, M@BP ICT can decrease M1 polarization of macrophage and expression of pro-inflammatory factors to promote osteogenesis. According to the results, M@BP ICT provided bone growth factor and bone repair material, modulated inflammatory microenvironment, and activated osteogenesis-related signaling pathways to promote bone regeneration. PTT could significantly enhance these effects. This strategy not only offers a solution to the challenging problem of drug-targeted delivery in bone defects but also expands the biomedical applications of MMs-camouflaged nanocarriers. Graphical Abstract