The Reliability and Validity of the Loadsol ® under Various Walking and Running Conditions

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 19; no. 2; p. 265
• Main Authors: Renner, Kristen E, Williams, D S Blaise, Queen, Robin M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 11.01.2019; MDPI AG
• Subjects: Adult; Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology; Bland–Altman; Exercise Test; Female; Foot; Gait - physiology; gait mechanics; ground reaction force; Humans; in-shoe; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; reliability; Running - physiology; Shoes; Walking - physiology; Wearable Electronic Devices; Wireless Technology - instrumentation; Young Adult; in-shoe; ground reaction force; Bland–Altman; gait mechanics; reliability
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19020265

The assessment of loading during walking and running has historically been limited to data collection in laboratory settings or with devices that require a computer connection. This study aims to determine if the loadsol -a single sensor wireless insole-is a valid and reliable method of assessing force. Thirty (17 male and 13 female) recreationally active individuals were recruited for a two visit study where they walked (1.3 m/s) and ran (3.0 and 3.5 m/s) at a 0%, 10% incline, and 10% decline, with the visits approximately one week apart. Ground reaction force data was collected on an instrumented treadmill (1440 Hz) and with the loadsol (100 Hz). Ten individuals completed the day 1 protocol with a newer 200 Hz loadsol . Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,k) were used to assess validity and reliability and Bland⁻Altman plots were generated to better understand loadsol validity. Across conditions, the peak force ICCs ranged from 0.78 to 0.97, which increased to 0.84⁻0.99 with the 200 Hz insoles. Similarly, the loading rate ICCs improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.80⁻0.96 and impulse improved from 0.61 to 0.97 to 0.90⁻0.97. The 200 Hz insoles may be needed for loading rate and impulse in running. For both walking and running, the loadsol has excellent between-day reliability (>0.76).