The ACE I/D Polymorphism and Human Physical Performance

• Published in: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 11; no. 10; pp. 416 - 420
• Main Authors: Woods, David R, Humphries, Steve E, Montgomery, Hugh E
• Format: Book Review Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2000; Elsevier
• Subjects: ACE1/D polymorphism; antiotensin 11; Biological and medical sciences; bradykinin; cardiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Isoenzymes - genetics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - genetics; Physical Fitness - physiology; Polymorphism, Genetic - genetics; renal conditions; renin; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports; antiotensin 11; bradykinin; ACE1/D polymorphism; renal conditions; renin; cardiology; Human; Peptidases; Physical training; Genotype environment interaction; Physical performance; Enzyme; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Hydrolases; Peptidyl-dipeptidases; Review; Athlete; Polymorphism
• ISSN: 1043-2760; 1879-3061
• DOI: 10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00310-6

The D allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism is associated with elevated levels of serum and tissue ACE, increased production of the vasopressor angiotensin II and a reduction in the half-life of the vasodilator bradykinin. Several cardiac and renal conditions appear to have a worse prognosis in subjects homozygous for the D allele, whereas the I allele has been associated with enhanced endurance performance in elite distance runners, rowers and mountaineers. The nature of the gene–envirnoment interaction between ACE I/D polymorphisms and physical training, an overview of recent findings and a discussion of possible underlying mechanisms is the subject of this review.