Visualization of Keratin with Diffuse Reflectance and Autofluorescence Imaging and Nonlinear Optical Microscopy in a Rare Keratinopathic Ichthyosis

Keratins are one of the main fluorophores of the skin. Keratinization disorders can lead to alterations in the optical properties of the skin. We set out to investigate a rare form of keratinopathic ichthyosis caused by mutation with two different optical imaging methods. We used a newly developed l...

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Published inSensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 4; p. 1105
Main Authors Anker, Pálma, Fésűs, Luca, Kiss, Norbert, Noll, Judit, Becker, Krisztina, Kuroli, Enikő, Mayer, Balázs, Bozsányi, Szabolcs, Lőrincz, Kende, Lihacova, Ilze, Lihachev, Alexey, Lange, Marta, Wikonkál, Norbert, Medvecz, Márta
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI 05.02.2021
MDPI AG
Subjects
Child, Preschool
Communication
epidermolytic ichthyosis
Humans
Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic
keratin
Keratins
KRT1
LED
Male
multiphoton microscopy
nonlinear microscopy
Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
Optical Imaging
Skin
diffuse reflectance
KRT1
multiphoton microscopy
nonlinear microscopy
histopathology
keratin
LED
autofluorescence
epidermolytic ichthyosis
hyperkeratosis
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Summary:Keratins are one of the main fluorophores of the skin. Keratinization disorders can lead to alterations in the optical properties of the skin. We set out to investigate a rare form of keratinopathic ichthyosis caused by mutation with two different optical imaging methods. We used a newly developed light emitting diode (LED) based device to analyze autofluorescence signal at 405 nm excitation and diffuse reflectance at 526 nm in vivo. Mean autofluorescence intensity of the hyperkeratotic palmar skin was markedly higher in comparison to the healthy control (162.35 vs. 51.14). To further assess the skin status, we examined samples from affected skin areas ex vivo by nonlinear optical microscopy. Two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation can visualize epidermal keratin and dermal collagen, respectively. We were able to visualize the structure of the epidermis and other skin changes caused by abnormal keratin formation. Taken together, we were able to show that such imaging modalities are useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of keratinopathic diseases.
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ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s21041105