Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates

• Published in: International journal of impact engineering Vol. 49; pp. 192 - 213
• Main Authors: Omidvar, Mehdi, Iskander, Magued, Bless, Stephan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Confining; Dynamic response; Dynamic triaxial test; Exact sciences and technology; Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...); Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Grains; High strain rate; Impact; Measurement and testing methods; Physics; Sand; Saturation; Shock loading; Solid mechanics; Split hopkinson pressure bar; Static elasticity (thermoelasticity...); Stress-strain relationships; Structural and continuum mechanics; Uniaxial compression; Void ratio; Dynamic response; Impact; Uniaxial compression; Split hopkinson pressure bar; Dynamic triaxial test; Sand; Triaxial test; Test bar; Shock wave; Dynamic test; High speed; Strain rate; Grain size; Vibration; Prestress; Stress strain relation; Saturation; Shear strength; Void fraction; Compression test; Pressurizing; Hopkinson bar; Initial rate; Porosity; Residual stress; Impact test; Strength; Structural analysis
• ISSN: 0734-743X; 1879-3509
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2012.03.004

A review of the response of sand under high strain rate (HSR) loading is presented. The response observed in HSR uniaxial compression tests, split-hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests, and triaxial tests is investigated. Previous monotonic HSR tests have been reviewed, summarized, and combined in order to illustrate the effects of HSR loading on the confined modulus, stress-strain response, and shear strength of sand. The effects of strain rate, initial void ratio, confining pressure, saturation, shape and size of grains, as well as grain mineralogy on the response of sand to HSR loading are also discussed. Issues related to inertial effects that may affect HSR response are explored. A brief summary of the response of sand to shock loading is also presented. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the important aspects of HSR response of sand, in support of the growing interest in the behavior of sand subject to rapid loading conditions. ► High strain rate (HSR) behavior of sand is explored. ► Available HSR triaxial, split-hopkinson, uniaxial and shock test data is reviewed. ► Effect of HSR loading on stress-strain behavior and modulus is summarized. ► Trends of high strain rate behavior are identified.