Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Abiotic Stresses in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the Changing Climate

• Published in: Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 2; p. 241
• Main Authors: Hossain, Akbar, Skalicky, Milan, Brestic, Marian, Maitra, Sagar, Ashraful Alam, M., Syed, M. Abu, Hossain, Jamil, Sarkar, Sukamal, Saha, Saikat, Bhadra, Preetha, Shankar, Tanmoy, Bhatt, Rajan, Kumar Chaki, Apurbo, EL Sabagh, Ayman, Islam, Tofazzal
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Abiotic stress; abiotic stresses; Agricultural practices; Agricultural production; Agricultural technology; Agronomy; Biodiversity; Biotechnology; climate; Climate change; Climate-smart agriculture; CRISPR; CRISPR-Cas systems; CRISPR-Cas technology; Crop production; Cultivars; Cyclones; Drought; Environmental conditions; Fertility; Food; food security; genes; Genetic engineering; Genetic modification; Genome editing; global warming; growth and development; Heat; High temperature; International organizations; Lipid peroxidation; mitigation strategies; Mitochondria; Nanotechnology; Oxidative stress; Physiology; Plant breeding; Population growth; Precipitation; Productivity; Proteins; Rain; Salinity; Side effects; Storm damage; Stresses; Sustainability; Sustainable practices; Sustainable production; Toolkits; Triticum aestivum; Wheat; India
• ISSN: 2073-4395; 2073-4395
• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11020241

Wheat is one of the world’s most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.