Use of Helicopters to Reduce Health Care System Delay in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Admitted to an Invasive Center

• Published in: The American journal of cardiology Vol. 171; pp. 7 - 14
• Main Authors: Mørk, Sivagowry Rasalingam, Bøtker, Morten Thingemann, Hjort, Jakob, Jensen, Lisette Okkels, Pedersen, Frants, Jørgensen, Gitte, Christensen, Erika Frischknect, Christensen, Marina Krintel, Aarø, Jens, Lippert, Freddy, Knudsen, Lars, Hansen, Troels Martin, Steinmetz, Jacob, Terkelsen, Christian Juhl
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15.05.2022; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Aircraft; Cohort Studies; Delay; Delivery of Health Care; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Emergency services; Health care; Heart attacks; Helicopters; Humans; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - therapy; Patients; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Polynomials; Reduction; Regression analysis; Reperfusion; Retrospective Studies; Spline functions; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction - surgery; Denmark; Aarhus Denmark
• ISSN: 0002-9149; 1879-1913
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.01.042

Timely reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the reduction in system delay (time from emergency medical service [EMS] call to primary percutaneous coronary intervention [PPCI]) in patients with STEMI when using helicopter EMS (HEMS) rather than ground-based EMS (GEMS). This was a retrospective, nationwide cohort study of consecutive patients with STEMI treated with PPCI at 5 PPCI centers in Denmark. Polynomial spline curves were constructed to describe the association between system delay and distance to the PPCI center stratified by transportation mode. A total of 26,433 patients with STEMI were treated with PPCI between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2016. In 16,436 patients field triaged directly to the PPCI center, the proportion treated within 120 minutes of the EMS call was 75% for those living 0 to 25 km from the PPCI center compared with 65% for all patients transported by GEMS (median transport distance 50 km [interquartile range 23 to 90]) and 64% for all patients transported by HEMS (median transport distance 119 km [interquartile range 99 to 142]). The estimated reduction in system delay owed to using HEMS rather than GEMS was 14, 16, 20, and 29 minutes for patients living 75, 100, 125, and 170 km from a PPCI center. In conclusion, this study confirmed that using HEMS ensures that most patients with STEMI, living up to 170 km from a PPCI center, can be treated within 120 minutes of their EMS call provided they are field triaged directly to the PPCI center. [Display omitted]