Type 2 Diabetes–Prevention Diet and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Prospective Study

• Published in: American journal of epidemiology Vol. 191; no. 3; pp. 472 - 486
• Main Authors: Wang, Chun-Rui, Hu, Tian-Yang, Hao, Fa-Bao, Chen, Nan, Peng, Yang, Wu, Jing-Jing, Yang, Peng-Fei, Zhong, Guo-Chao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 01.03.2022; Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subjects: Cancer; Cancer screening; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cause of Death; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diet; Health risks; Humans; Lung cancer; Male; Mathematical analysis; Medical screening; Mortality; Neoplasms - prevention & control; Original Contribution; Ovarian cancer; Prevention; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Reduction; Risk; Risk Factors; Subgroups; United States > US; mortality; primary prevention; type 2 diabetes–prevention diet; prospective study
• ISSN: 0002-9262; 1476-6256
• DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab265

Abstract We aimed to examine whether type 2 diabetes–prevention diet, a dietary pattern previously developed for reducing type 2 diabetes risk, was associated with mortality in a US population. A population-based cohort of 86,633 subjects was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (1993–2015). Dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire. A dietary diabetes risk-reduction score was calculated to reflect adherence to this dietary pattern, with higher scores representing better adherence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risk differences (ARDs) in mortality rates per 10,000 person-years were calculated. After a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, 17,532 all-cause deaths were observed. Participants with the highest versus the lowest quintiles of dietary diabetes risk-reduction score were observed to have decreased risks of death from all causes (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.80; ARD: −81.94, 95% CI: −93.76, −71.12), cardiovascular disease (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.81; ARD: −17.82, 95% CI: −24.81, −11.30), and cancer (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94; ARD: −9.92, 95% CI: −15.86, −3.59), which were modified by sex, smoking status, or alcohol consumption in subgroup analyses (P for interaction < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, a type 2 diabetes–prevention diet confers reduced risks of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in this US population.