Kidney Renin Release under Hypoxia and Its Potential Link with Nitric Oxide: A Narrative Review

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and hypoxia have a complex interaction: RAS is activated under hypoxia and activated RAS aggravates hypoxia in reverse. Renin is an aspartyl protease that catalyzes the first step of RAS and tightly regulates RAS activation. Here, we outline kidney renin expression...

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Published inBiomedicines Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 2984
Main Authors Kong, Weiwei, Liao, Yixin, Zhao, Liang, Hall, Nathan, Zhou, Hua, Liu, Ruisheng, Persson, Pontus B, Lai, Enyin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2023
Subjects
Altitude
Anemia
Angiotensin
Aspartic endopeptidase
Blood pressure
Carbon monoxide
Electrolytes
Hemodynamics
HIFs
Hypertension
Hypoxia
Hypoxia-inducible factors
juxtaglomerular cells
Kidneys
Natriuretic peptides
Nitric oxide
Oxidative stress
Plasma
Proteases
Renin
Sea level
Sleep apnea
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Summary:The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and hypoxia have a complex interaction: RAS is activated under hypoxia and activated RAS aggravates hypoxia in reverse. Renin is an aspartyl protease that catalyzes the first step of RAS and tightly regulates RAS activation. Here, we outline kidney renin expression and release under hypoxia and discuss the putative mechanisms involved. It is important that renin generally increases in response to acute hypoxemic hypoxia and intermittent hypoxemic hypoxia, but not under chronic hypoxemic hypoxia. The increase in renin activity can also be observed in anemic hypoxia and carbon monoxide-induced histotoxic hypoxia. The increased renin is contributed to by juxtaglomerular cells and the recruitment of renin lineage cells. Potential mechanisms regulating hypoxic renin expression involve hypoxia-inducible factor signaling, natriuretic peptides, nitric oxide, and Notch signaling-induced renin transcription.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines11112984