Polystyrene microplastics mediate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in the G2/M phase through ROS in grass carp kidney cells

• Published in: Environmental toxicology Vol. 39; no. 4; pp. 1923 - 1935
• Main Authors: Lu, Hongmin, Hou, Lulu, Zhang, Yue, Guo, Tiantian, Wang, Yu, Xing, Mingwei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adenosine diphosphate; ADP; Animals; antioxidant activity; Apoptosis; apoptosis and autophagy; Autophagy; B-lymphocytes; Bcl-2 protein; Biology; Carp; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Caspase-3; Caspase-9; Cell cycle; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Division; Cells; CIK cells; Ctenopharyngodon idella; cyclin-dependent kinase; Cytochrome c; Cytochromes; ecotoxicology; G2/M cell cycle arrest; Glutathione; Humans; Kidney - metabolism; Kidneys; Kinases; Lymphoma; Malondialdehyde; Microplastics; Microplastics - toxicity; mitosis; nephrotoxicity; Oxidative stress; Plastic pollution; Plastics - pharmacology; pollutants; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Polystyrene; polystyrene microplastic; Polystyrene resins; polystyrenes; Polystyrenes - toxicity; Protein-serine/threonine kinase; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Ribose; ROS; Serine; Superoxide dismutase; Threonine; Toxicology; CIK cells; apoptosis and autophagy; polystyrene microplastic; ROS; G2/M cell cycle arrest
• ISSN: 1520-4081; 1522-7278; 1522-7278
• DOI: 10.1002/tox.24068

Microplastics (MPs) have attracted widespread worldwide attention as a new pollutant. However, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle in nephrotoxicity induced by different concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (PS‐MPs) is unknown. This study used grass carp kidney cells (CIK) treated with different concentrations of PS‐MPs (0, 0.012, 0.0625, and 0.5 mg L−1) as subjects. With the increase of PS‐MPs concentration, the levels of ROS and malonaldehyde increased, while the level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activity decreased. The expression of BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1), cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK1), CDK2, CyclinB1, cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20), and B‐cell lymphoma‐2, sequestosome 1 decreased significantly. Nevertheless, the expression of Caspase 3, Cleave‐Caspase 3, cytochrome c (Cytc), BCL2‐associated X, apoptosis regulator, poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP), Cleave‐PARP, Caspase 9, autophagy immunoblot kit (LC3), and Beclin1 increased. Our research shows that PS‐MPs can trigger oxidative stress and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in CIK cells by regulating ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for cellular biology and toxicology mechanisms and new insights into the potential risks to animals from MPs exposure in the environment.