Fetal hypoxia secondary to severe maternal anemia as a causative link between blueberry muffin baby and erythroblastosis: a case report

• Published in: Journal of medical case reports Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 155
• Main Authors: De Carolis, Maria Pia, Salvi, Silvia, Bersani, Iliana, Lacerenza, Serafina, Romagnoli, Costantino, De Carolis, Sara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 13.06.2016; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Adult; Anemia - complications; Care and treatment; Case Report; Case studies; Cesarean Section; Cutaneous manifestations of general diseases; Development and progression; Disease; Erythroblastosis fetalis; Erythroblastosis, Fetal - etiology; Erythroblastosis, Fetal - pathology; Exanthema - etiology; Exanthema - pathology; Female; Fetal Hypoxia - etiology; Fetal Hypoxia - pathology; Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Medical treatment; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Remission, Spontaneous; Blueberry muffin lesion; Maternal anemia; Nucleated red blood cells (NRBC)
• ISSN: 1752-1947; 1752-1947
• DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-0924-5

Neonatal blueberry muffin lesions are rare cutaneous eruptions, presenting as transient, non-blanching, red-violaceous papules, mostly localized in the trunk, head and neck, attributable to a marked dermal hematopoietic activity. Congenital infections of the TORCH complex (toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes) and hematological disorders have been classically associated with this neonatal dermatological manifestation. We report for the first time an unusual presentation of blueberry muffin lesions in a neonate born from a mother affected by severe anemia during pregnancy. A male, white Caucasian, neonate showed a cutaneous rash at birth, suggestive of "blueberry muffin"-like lesions. These cutaneous lesions were associated with marked elevation of the circulating nucleated red blood cells, and with ultrasound findings of peculiar brain ischemic porencephalic lesions. The clinical features of spontaneous disappearance and the association with marked erythroblastosis strongly suggest that these dermatological findings may be the consequence of an extramedullary hematopoiesis unexpectedly evoked by the intrauterine chronic exposure to hypoxia caused by severe maternal anemia. In conclusion, fetal hypoxia secondary to severe maternal anemia may play a causative and unreported role in the development of neonatal blueberry muffin lesions.