Role of human papillomaviruses in persistent and glucocorticoid-resistant juvenile phimosis
Background In adults, human papillomaviruses (HPV), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) and phimosis are considered to be major risk factors for penile cancer. In boys, a possible association between phimosis, LSA and HPV has been suggested. Objective To investigate the role of HPV in the persist...
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Published in | Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Vol. 27; no. 6; pp. 716 - 721 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2013
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background In adults, human papillomaviruses (HPV), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) and phimosis are considered to be major risk factors for penile cancer. In boys, a possible association between phimosis, LSA and HPV has been suggested.
Objective To investigate the role of HPV in the persistence of phimosis in children.
Patients and methods Out of a cohort of 420 boys presenting with foreskin problems, we prospectively sampled the preputial tissue of 82 patients during circumcision: 46 with steroid‐naïve and 36 with steroid‐resistant phimosis. All foreskins were assessed clinically and histopathologically with regard to appearance, inflammation, oedema, epithelial degeneration and fibrosis. The viral status of the foreskins was determined by immunohistochemistry and highly sensitive PCR, with subsequent subtyping by DNA hybridization (HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 44, 45, 51–54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66–68, 70, 72, 73, 81–84, 90, 91).
Results The foreskins appeared normal in 62 boys and suggestive of LSA in one single case. Small cracks or white scars were present in seven steroid‐naïve and 12 steroid‐resistant foreskins. LSA was diagnosed microscopically in two of the steroid‐naïve and six of the steroid‐pretreated group. No evidence of HPV was found in any of the juvenile foreskins.
Conclusions Our prospective study has provided evidence that HPV is not usually present in the foreskin of boys with persistent phimosis after their first year of life and that topical glucocorticoid treatment failure is not associated with HPV or any specific histopathological changes. |
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Bibliography: | istex:80BE39696D314DD2B683F8F1E1E0DB8E21CCA130 ArticleID:JDV4542 ark:/67375/WNG-6LP78SM5-N Funding sources This work was supported by the ‘Integriertes Forschungs‐ und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation’ (IFB‐Tx, German Federal Ministry of Education, reference number: 01EO0802) and the LOEWE focus group MIBIE [Male Infertility during Infection and Inflammation, state government of Hessen (Germany)]. None of those who provided funds had a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Danny Jonigk, Johanna Rische and Lavinia Maegel are supported by the ‘Integriertes Forschungs‐ und Behandlungszentrum Transplantation’ (IFB‐Tx, German Federal Ministry of Education, reference number: 01EO0802). Adrian Pilatz and Andras Rusz are supported by the LOEWE focus group MIBIE (Male Infertility during Infection & Inflammation, projects B1, B2 and B4) – an excellence initiative of the state government of Hessen (Germany). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Conflict of interest ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0926-9959 1468-3083 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04542.x |