Neurovascular anatomy of the sacrospinous ligament region in female cadavers: Implications in sacrospinous ligament fixation

• Published in: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Vol. 197; no. 6; pp. 660.e1 - 660.e6
• Main Authors: Roshanravan, Shayzreen M., MD, Wieslander, Cecilia K., MD, Schaffer, Joseph I., MD, Corton, Marlene M., MD
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA Mosby, Inc 01.12.2007; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; Cadaver; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; inferior gluteal artery; Ligaments - anatomy & histology; Ligaments - blood supply; Ligaments - innervation; Ligaments - surgery; Medical sciences; nerve to coccygeus; nerve to levator ani; Obstetrics and Gynecology; pudendal nerve; Sacrococcygeal Region - anatomy & histology; Sacrococcygeal Region - blood supply; Sacrococcygeal Region - innervation; sacrospinous ligament; nerve to levator ani; inferior gluteal artery; sacrospinous ligament; nerve to coccygeus; pudendal nerve; Female; Fixation; Anatomy; Obstetrics; Gynecology; Cadaver
• ISSN: 0002-9378; 1097-6868
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.08.061

Objective The objective of the study was to further characterize the anatomy of the coccygeus muscle–sacrospinous ligament (C-SSL) complex and to correlate the findings with sacrospinous ligament fixations (SSLF). Study Design Dissections were performed in 21 female cadavers. Results In all dissections, nerves originating from S3, S4, S5, or a combination passed over the anterior surface of the C-SSL at its midsegment, and either the pudendal or third sacral nerve coursed on the superior border of C-SSL at its midpoint. In 100% of specimens, the internal pudendal artery (IPA) passed behind or just medial to the ischial spine. The average distance of the inferior gluteal artery (IGA) from the ischial spine and the superior border of the C-SSL was 24.2 (range, 15-35) mm and 3.4 (range, 1-5) mm, respectively. Conclusion Nerves to the coccygeus and levator ani coursed over the midportion of the C-SSL where SSLF sutures are placed. The pudendal nerve and IGA were in proximity to the superior border of the C-SSL at its midportion, whereas the IPA passed behind the ischial spine, lateral to the recommended site for suture placement.