Extracellular Matrix and Cellular Plasticity in Musculoskeletal Development

Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cell fates to be reprogrammed given the proper signals, allowing for dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation into different cell fates. In vitro , this can be induced through direct activation of gene expression, however this process does not naturally...

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Published inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology Vol. 8; p. 781
Main Authors Ma, Sophia Ka Yan, Chan, Andy Shing Fung, Rubab, Aqsa, Chan, Wilson Cheuk Wing, Chan, Danny
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 25.08.2020
Subjects
Cell and Developmental Biology
chondrocyte
development
extracellular matrix
hypertrophic chondrocyte
limb regeneration
plasticity
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Summary:Cellular plasticity refers to the ability of cell fates to be reprogrammed given the proper signals, allowing for dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation into different cell fates. In vitro , this can be induced through direct activation of gene expression, however this process does not naturally occur in vivo . Instead, the microenvironment consisting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and signaling factors, directs the signals presented to cells. Often the ECM is involved in regulating both biochemical and mechanical signals. In stem cell populations, this niche is necessary for maintenance and proper function of the stem cell pool. However, recent studies have demonstrated that differentiated or lineage restricted cells can exit their current state and transform into another state under different situations during development and regeneration. This may be achieved through (1) cells responding to a changing niche; (2) cells migrating and encountering a new niche; and (3) formation of a transitional niche followed by restoration of the homeostatic niche to sequentially guide cells along the regenerative process. This review focuses on examples in musculoskeletal biology, with the concept of ECM regulating cells and stem cells in development and regeneration, extending beyond the conventional concept of small population of progenitor cells, but under the right circumstances even “lineage-restricted” or differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to enter into a different fate.
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Edited by: Andrei S. Chagin, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden
This article was submitted to Stem Cell Research, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Reviewed by: Noriaki Ono, University of Michigan, United States; Shiwu Dong, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, China
ISSN:2296-634X
2296-634X
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2020.00781