Ashes from co-combustion of coal and biomass: New industrial wastes

• Published in: Resources, conservation and recycling Vol. 69; pp. 109 - 121
• Main Authors: Kalembkiewicz, Jan, Chmielarz, Urszula
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.12.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: aluminum; antimony; Applied sciences; Ash; barium; Biomass; bulk density; cadmium; calcium; chemical composition; Chemical engineering; chlorine; chromium; Co-combustion; Coal; cobalt; Composition; copper; Crystallization, leaching, miscellaneous separations; Exact sciences and technology; fly ash; heavy metals; industrial wastes; iron; leaching; lead; magnesium; manganese; melting point; mercury; molybdenum; nickel; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Pollution; potassium; Properties; recycling; renewable energy sources; selenium; silicon; sodium; strontium; sulfur; tin; titanium; vanadium; Wastes; zinc; Composition; CBFA; SRC; LOI; Biomass; Properties; Ash; Coal; Co-combustion; FA; HC; CFA; BA; Bulk density; Melting; Ignition; Combustion; Heavy metal; Transport process; Fly ash; Industrial waste; Morphology; Fossil fuel; Lead; pH; Lixiviation; Chemical composition; Chemical properties
• ISSN: 0921-3449; 1879-0658
• DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.09.010

[Display omitted] ► Ashes from co-combustion of coal and biomass (10 types) subject to critical review. ► Ashes constitutes the potential source of pollution at nonadditive properties. ► Reported physicochemical properties, chemical composition, leachability of metals. ► Ashes nature depends on type and portion of biomass and conditions of combustion. Biomass, one of renewable energy sources, is an alternative to fossil fuels, which is used on an industrial scale. The waste products of its co-combustion with coal in the form of ash of unknown composition are a new source of heavy metals. This article based on the most recent literature shows the characteristics of fly ash produced in the process of direct co-combustion in relation to physical and chemical properties (bulk density, grain shape and size, pH, loss on ignition, pozzolanic properties, melting temperature, deposition propensity, mineralogical characteristics), chemical composition (metals: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Pb; non-metals: Si, P, S, Cl, F, Se), metal leaching and methods for their examination.