Association of Adherence to The Mediterranean Diet with Urinary Factors Favoring Renal Lithiasis: Cross-Sectional Study of Overweight Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 1708
• Main Authors: Prieto, Rafael M., Rodriguez, Adrian, Sanchis, Pilar, Morey, Margalida, Fiol, Miquel, Grases, Felix, Castañer, Olga, Martínez-González, Miguel A., Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Romaguera, Dora
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.07.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Aged; Biomarkers - urine; body mass index; calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crystallization; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; energy intake; Fatty acids; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruits; Health care; Hospitals; Humans; Kidney stones; Male; Mediterranean diet; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - urine; Middle Aged; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Nutrition research; Obesity; overweight; Overweight - diagnosis; Overweight - diet therapy; Overweight - epidemiology; Overweight - urine; Patient Compliance; patients; Prevalence; Preventive medicine; Protective Factors; Public health; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; renal calculi; risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Spain - epidemiology; Systematic review; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Uric acid; Urine; Urolithiasis - diagnosis; Urolithiasis - epidemiology; Urolithiasis - prevention & control; Urolithiasis - urine; Vegetables; Weight control; Womens health; Spain; Majorca; urinary crystallization risk; renal lithiasis; Mediterranean diet
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11081708

Our purpose was to study the relationship of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with urinary factors that favor the formation of renal calcium and uric acid stones in overweight and obese participants who had metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study examined 267 participants. A well-known MedDiet score (range 0–9) was calculated for each patient, and patients were then categorized has having low (≤3), medium (4–5), or high (≥6) adherence to the MedDiet. Baseline characteristics and urinary parameters were also analyzed. High calcium salt urinary crystallization risk (CaUCR) and high uric acid urinary crystallization risk (UrUCR) were calculated from urinary parameters using pre-defined criteria. More than half of patients with MedDiet scores ≤3 had high UrUCR (55.4%) and high CaUCR (53.8%). In contrast, fewer patients with high adherence (≥6) to the MedDiet had high UrUCR (41.2%) and high CaUCR (29.4%). Relative to those with low adherence, individuals with high adherence had a prevalence ratio (PR) of 0.77 for a high UrUCR (95% CI: 0.46–1.12; p for trend: 0.069) and a PR of 0.51 for a high CaUCR (95% CI: 0.26–0.87; p for trend: 0.012) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and total energy intake. Our findings indicate that greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with a reduced CaUCR and a reduced UrUCR. This suggests that adequate dietary management using the MedDiet patterns may prevent or reduce the incidence and recurrence of calcium salt and uric acid renal stones.