Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following application of a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip

• Published in: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Vol. 207; no. 10; p. 1315
• Main Authors: Rosenbaum, M.R. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.), Kerlin, R.L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 15.11.1995
• Subjects: ADVERSE EFFECTS; Animals; Blood Cell Count - veterinary; Blood Chemical Analysis - veterinary; BLOOD COAGULATION; BLOOD DISORDERS; CASE STUDIES; CHIEN; COAGULACION SANGUINEA; COAGULATION SANGUINE; Cyclohexenes; Diagnosis, Differential; DIPPING; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - chemically induced; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - diagnosis; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - veterinary; Dog Diseases - chemically induced; Dog Diseases - diagnosis; Dog Diseases - pathology; DOGS; EFECTOS SECUNDARIOS; EFFET SECONDAIRE; ENFERMEDADES DE LA PIEL; Erythema Multiforme - chemically induced; Erythema Multiforme - diagnosis; Erythema Multiforme - veterinary; ESTUDIOS DE CASOS PRACTICOS; ETUDE DE CAS; Female; HISTOPATHOLOGIE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HISTOPATOLOGIA; IMMERSION; INMERSION; Insecticides - adverse effects; MALADIE DE LA PEAU; MONOTERPENE; MONOTERPENES; MONOTERPENOS; PERRO; Plants; SIDE EFFECTS; SINTOMAS; Skin - pathology; SKIN DISEASES; SYMPTOME; SYMPTOMS; Terpenes - adverse effects; TRASTORNOS SANGUINEOS; TROUBLE SANGUIN
• ISSN: 0003-1488; 1943-569X
• DOI: 10.2460/javma.1995.207.10.1315

Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in a dog 24 hours after exposure to a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip. Clinical signs included severe lethargy and weakness, ulceration of the oral mucosa, and erythematous serpiginous, annular, and arciform lesions on the head, trunk, and limbs. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, increased fibrin degradation products, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, high serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and high serum bilirubin concentration. Despite intensive supportive care, the dog developed severe intrathoracic and abdominal hemorrhage and died. Necropsy revealed severe diffuse epidermal necrosis and widespread hemorrhage within organs. Insecticidal dips containing d-limonene have the potential to induce various toxic effects, including, possibly, erythema multiforme major, and should be used cautiously.