Impaired health status and increased incidence of diseases in Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects – an explorative cross-sectional study

• Published in: Parasitology Vol. 143; no. 14; pp. 1974 - 1989
• Main Authors: FLEGR, J., ESCUDERO, D. Q.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.12.2016
• Subjects: Adult; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan - blood; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Digestive system; disease incidence; Ecological studies; Female; Health Status; Humans; Incidence; Male; mental health; musculoskeletal system; Parasite Load; Parasites; Public Health; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; seroprevalence; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasma - immunology; Toxoplasma - isolation & purification; Toxoplasma - pathogenicity; Toxoplasmosis; Toxoplasmosis - complications; Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology; Toxoplasmosis - parasitology; Toxoplasmosis - transmission; volunteers; Young Adult; Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; neglected disease; Parasite; disease burden; public health; neglected zoonosis
• ISSN: 0031-1820; 1469-8161; 1469-8161
• DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016001785

The global seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis is estimated to be higher than 30%. The presence of slowly dividing parasites in tissue cysts located mainly in immunoprivileged organs was long considered asymptomatic. Recently, many studies have shown that latent Toxoplasma infections could have serious impacts on human health. Here we ran a cross-sectional study in a population of 1486 volunteers. The results showed that 333 infected subjects scored worse than 1153 controls in 28 of 29 health-related variables. Similarly, they reported higher rates of 77 of a list of 134 disorders reported by at least 10 participants of the study. Toxoplasmosis was associated most strongly with musculoskeletal (τ = 0·107, P < 0·0005), followed by neurological (τ = 0·088, P < 0·0005), immune (τ = 0·085, p < 0·0005), metabolic (τ = 0·079, P < 0·0005), respiratory (τ = 0·068, P = 0·0001), allergic (τ = 0·053, P = 0·004), digestive system (τ = 0·052, P = 0·004) and mental health disorders (τ = 0·050, P = 0·008). Results of the present cohort study, along with the previous data from many case-control studies or ecological studies suggest that latent toxoplasmosis represents a large and so far underrated public health problem.