Nephrotoxic Biomarkers with Specific Indications for Metallic Pollutants: Implications for Environmental Health

Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major consequence of heavy metal exposure and potentially an early warning of greater damage. A paradigm shift occurred at the be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBiomarker Insights Vol. 17; p. 11772719221111882
Main Authors Pócsi, István, Dockrell, Mark E, Price, Robert G
Format Book Review Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.07.2022
Sage Publications Ltd
SAGE Publishing
Subjects
Arsenic
Biomarkers
Cadmium
Environmental health
Heavy metals
Kidneys
Lead
Occupational exposure
Pollutants
Proximal tubules
Public health
Renal failure
Review
Risk factors
Silicon dioxide
urinary biomarkers
environmental and occupational exposure
nephrotoxicity
kidney injury
Heavy metals
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Summary:Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals and metalloids is a major global health risk. The kidney is often a site of early damage. Nephrotoxicity is both a major consequence of heavy metal exposure and potentially an early warning of greater damage. A paradigm shift occurred at the beginning of the 21st century in the field of renal medicine. The medical model of kidney failure and treatment began to give way to a social model of risk factors and prevention with important implications for environmental health. This development threw into focus the need for better biomarkers: markers of exposure to known nephrotoxins; markers of early damage for diagnosis and prevention; markers of disease development for intervention and choice of therapy. Constituents of electronic waste, e-waste or e-pollution, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (HG), arsenic (As) and silica (SiO2) are all potential nephrotoxins; they target the renal proximal tubules through distinct pathways. Different nephrotoxic biomarkers offer the possibility of identifying exposure to individual pollutants. In this review, a selection of prominent urinary markers of tubule damage is considered as potential tools for identifying environmental exposure to some key metallic pollutants.
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All authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1177-2719
1177-2719
DOI:10.1177/11772719221111882