Exploring seebeck-coefficient fluctuations in endohedral-fullerene, single-molecule junctions
For the purpose of creating single-molecule junctions, which can convert a temperature difference Δ T into a voltage Δ V via the Seebeck effect, it is of interest to screen molecules for their potential to deliver high values of the Seebeck coefficient S = −Δ V /Δ T . Here we demonstrate that insigh...
Saved in:
Published in | Nanoscale horizons Vol. 7; no. 6; pp. 616 - 625 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
31.05.2022
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Summary: | For the purpose of creating single-molecule junctions, which can convert a temperature difference Δ
T
into a voltage Δ
V via
the Seebeck effect, it is of interest to screen molecules for their potential to deliver high values of the Seebeck coefficient
S
= −Δ
V
/Δ
T
. Here we demonstrate that insight into molecular-scale thermoelectricity can be obtained by examining the widths and extreme values of Seebeck histograms. Using a combination of experimental scanning-tunnelling-microscopy-based transport measurements and density-functional-theory-based transport calculations, we study the electrical conductance and Seebeck coefficient of three endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) Sc
3
N@C
80
, Sc
3
C
2
@C
80
, and Er
3
N@C
80
, which based on their structures, are selected to exhibit different degrees of charge inhomogeneity and geometrical disorder within a junction. We demonstrate that standard deviations in the Seebeck coefficient
σ
S
of EMF-based junctions are correlated with the geometric standard deviation
σ
and the charge inhomogeneity
σ
q
. We benchmark these molecules against C
60
and demonstrate that both
σ
q
,
σ
S
are the largest for Sc
3
C
2
@C
80
, both are the smallest for C
60
and for the other EMFs, they follow the order Sc
3
C
2
@C
80
> Sc
3
N@C
80
> Er
3
N@C
80
> C
60
. A large value of
σ
S
is a sign that a molecule can exhibit a wide range of Seebeck coefficients, which means that if orientations corresponding to high values can be selected and controlled, then the molecule has the potential to exhibit high-performance thermoelectricity. For the EMFs studied here, large values of
σ
S
are associated with distributions of Seebeck coefficients containing both positive and negative signs, which reveals that all these EMFs are bi-thermoelectric materials.
STM measurements and DFT calculations to study 3 bi-thermoelectric endohedral metallofullerenes, benchmarked against C
60
, show that the fluctuations in
S
are correlated with the charge inhomogeneity and the geometrical disorder within the junction. |
---|---|
Bibliography: | details on the experimental methods, further examples of individual measurements and complementary analysis of the results; details on the theoretical methods, and complementary results from the theoretical calculations are available free of charge https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nh00527h C EPR of the Sc the internet. See DOI via N@C 2 3 Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthesis, purification and MALDI-TOF data of the EMFs, HPLC graphs demonstrating the purification process for the Sc Tauc plots and UV-Visible spectra for Er 80 and Sc ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2055-6756 2055-6764 2055-6764 |
DOI: | 10.1039/d1nh00527h |