Gut Microbiome and Metabolic and Immune Indices in Males with or without Evidence of Metabolic Dysregulation

• Published in: Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 64 - 75
• Main Authors: Hatton-Jones, Kyle M., West, Nicholas P., Thang, Mike W.C., Chen, Pin-Yen, Davoren, Peter, Cripps, Allan W., Cox, Amanda J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) Korean Society for the Study of Obesity 30.03.2024; 대한비만학회
• Subjects: inflammation; metabolic diseases; microbiota; obesity; Original; 가정의학; Obesity; Metabolic diseases; Microbiota; Inflammation
• ISSN: 2508-6235; 2508-7576; 2508-7576
• DOI: 10.7570/jomes23022

The contributions of the gut microbiota to obesity and metabolic disease represent a potentially modifiable factor that may explain variation in risk between individuals. This study aimed to explore relationships among microbial composition and imputed functional attributes, a range of soluble metabolic and immune indices, and gene expression markers in males with or without evidence of metabolic dysregulation (MetDys). This case-control study included healthy males (n=15; 41.9±11.7 years; body mass index [BMI], 22.9±1.2 kg/m ) and males with evidence of MetDys (n=14; 46.6±10.0 years; BMI, 35.1±3.3 kg/m ) who provided blood and faecal samples for assessment of a range of metabolic and immune markers and microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic functions were imputed from microbial sequence data for analysis. In addition to elevated values in a range of traditional metabolic, adipokine and inflammatory indices in the MetDys group, 23 immunomodulatory genes were significantly altered in the MetDys group. Overall microbial diversity did not differ between groups; however, a trend for a higher relative abundance of the ( =0.06) and a lower relative abundance of the ( =0.09) phyla was noted in the MetDys group. Using both family- and genera-level classifications, a partial least square discriminant analysis revealed unique microbial signatures between the groups. These findings confirm the need for ongoing investigations in human clinical cohorts to further resolve the relationships between the gut microbiota and metabolic and immune markers and risk for metabolic disease.