Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Progresses and Challenges

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world and its incidence is increasing in many countries. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the immune and pathological mechanisms of HCC, immunotherapy based on the regulation of tumor immune microenvi...

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Published inFrontiers in oncology Vol. 11; p. 737497
Main Authors Liu, Hao-Tian, Jiang, Meng-Jie, Deng, Zhu-Jian, Li, Le, Huang, Jian-Li, Liu, Zhen-Xiu, Li, Le-Qun, Zhong, Jian-Hong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 22.10.2021
Subjects
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)
immune tolerance
Oncology
overall survival (OS)
progression-free survival (PFS)
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumor in the world and its incidence is increasing in many countries. In recent years, with the deepening understanding of the immune and pathological mechanisms of HCC, immunotherapy based on the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment has become a new treatment choice for patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death protein-1, programmed death protein-ligand-1, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 are the most widely used. Instead of general immune-enhancing therapies, ICIs can reactivate anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T cell signaling. In this review, the research progress and existing problems of ICIs in the treatment of HCC in recent years are reviewed.
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Reviewed by: Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Mehmet Akce, Emory University, United States
This article was submitted to Gastrointestinal Cancers: Hepato Pancreatic Biliary Cancers, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Edited by: Amr Mohamed, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, United States
ISSN:2234-943X
2234-943X
DOI:10.3389/fonc.2021.737497