Stretch-activated channels in the heart: Contributions to length-dependence and to cardiomyopathy

• Published in: Progress in biophysics and molecular biology Vol. 97; no. 2; pp. 232 - 249
• Main Authors: Ward, Marie-Louise, Williams, Iwan A., Chu, Yi, Cooper, Patricia J., Ju, Yue-Kun, Allen, David G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2008
• Subjects: Animals; Calcium - physiology; Cardiac myocytes; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated - metabolism; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated - physiopathology; Heart Ventricles - cytology; Heart Ventricles - drug effects; Heart Ventricles - physiopathology; Ion Channel Gating - drug effects; Ion Channels - drug effects; Ion Channels - physiology; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred mdx; Muscular dystrophy; Myocardial Contraction - drug effects; Myocardial Contraction - physiology; Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects; Myocytes, Cardiac - physiology; Peptides - pharmacology; Protein expression; Spider Venoms - pharmacology; Streptomycin - pharmacology; Stress, Mechanical; Stretch-activated ion channels; Trabeculae; Protein expression; Trabeculae; Stretch-activated ion channels; Cardiac myocytes; Muscular dystrophy
• ISSN: 0079-6107; 1873-1732
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2008.02.009

The stretch-induced increase in force production of ventricular muscle is biphasic. An abrupt increase in force coincides with the stretch, which is then followed by a slower response that develops over minutes (the slow force response or SFR). The SFR is accompanied by a slow increase in the magnitude of the intracellular Ca 2+ transient, but the stretch-dependent mechanisms that give rise to this remain controversial. We characterized the SFR using right ventricular trabeculae from mouse hearts. Application of three different blockers of stretch-activated non-selective cation channels (SAC NSC) reduced the magnitude of the SFR 60 s after stretch (400 μM streptomycin: from 86±25% to 38±14%, P<0.01, n=9; 10 μM GdCl 3: from 65±21%, to 12±7%, P<0.01, n=7; 10 μM GsMTx-4 from 122±40% to 15±8%, P<0.05, n=6). Streptomycin also decreased the increase in Ca 2+ transient amplitude 60 s after the stretch from 43.5±12.7% to 5.7±3.5% ( P<0.05, n=4), and reduced the stretch-dependent increase in intracellular Ca 2+ in quiescent muscles when stretched. The transient receptor potential, canonical channels TRPC1 and TRPC6 are mechano-sensitive, non-selective cation channels. They are expressed in mouse ventricular muscle, and could therefore be responsible for stretch-dependent influx of Na + and/or Ca 2+ during the SFR. Expression of TRPC1 was investigated in the mdx heart, a mouse model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Resting Ca 2+ was raised in isolated myocytes from old mdx animals, which was blocked by application of SAC blockers. Expression of TRPC1 was increased in the older mdx animals, which have developed a dilated cardiomyopathy, and might therefore contribute to the dilated cardiomyopathy.