Effect of multi-stage heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure transformation of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy

Refining the grain size of γ-TiAl alloys to improve their strength and ductility is of academic interest. Thus, we report a multi-stage heat treatment method consisting of solution treatment, cyclic heat treatment, annealing, short heat treatment, and aging to refine the microstructure of the Ti–48A...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inMaterials science & engineering. A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing Vol. 816; p. 141321
Main Authors Yim, Seungkyun, Bian, Huakang, Aoyagi, Kenta, Chiba, Akihiko
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01.06.2021
Elsevier BV
Subjects
Aging (metallurgy)
Alloys
Cyclic heat treatment (CHT)
Discontinuous coarsening
Elongation
Feathery γ
Grain refinement
Grain size
Heat treating
Intermetallic compounds
Mechanical properties
Microstructure
Solution heat treatment
Tensile strength
Thermal cycling
TiAl alloy
Titanium aluminides
Titanium base alloys
Discontinuous coarsening
Cyclic heat treatment (CHT)
Grain refinement
TiAl alloy
Feathery γ
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Refining the grain size of γ-TiAl alloys to improve their strength and ductility is of academic interest. Thus, we report a multi-stage heat treatment method consisting of solution treatment, cyclic heat treatment, annealing, short heat treatment, and aging to refine the microstructure of the Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy. The solution-treated microstructure was refined from 1100 to 191 μm by cyclic heat treatment, promoting feathery γ packets. Fine duplex grains below 23 μm were obtained through discontinuous coarsening, which was accelerated in the cyclic-heat-treated alloys owing to the high driving force resulting from the presence of feathery γ packets and fine interlamellar spacing. Through the short heat treatment and aging at single α and α2 + γ fields, a tailored duplex structure with a grain size of 24 μm and interlamellar spacing of 42 nm was achieved. Through microstructure refinement, tensile strength and elongation were improved to 697 MPa and 2.1%, respectively, compared to those of the conventional forged specimen (622 MPa and 1.3%, respectively). We believe that our study provides a simple pathway to refine the grain size and interlamellar spacing of γ-TiAl alloys.
AbstractList Refining the grain size of γ-TiAl alloys to improve their strength and ductility is of academic interest. Thus, we report a multi-stage heat treatment method consisting of solution treatment, cyclic heat treatment, annealing, short heat treatment, and aging to refine the microstructure of the Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy. The solution-treated microstructure was refined from 1100 to 191 μm by cyclic heat treatment, promoting feathery γ packets. Fine duplex grains below 23 μm were obtained through discontinuous coarsening, which was accelerated in the cyclic-heat-treated alloys owing to the high driving force resulting from the presence of feathery γ packets and fine interlamellar spacing. Through the short heat treatment and aging at single α and α2 + γ fields, a tailored duplex structure with a grain size of 24 μm and interlamellar spacing of 42 nm was achieved. Through microstructure refinement, tensile strength and elongation were improved to 697 MPa and 2.1%, respectively, compared to those of the conventional forged specimen (622 MPa and 1.3%, respectively). We believe that our study provides a simple pathway to refine the grain size and interlamellar spacing of γ-TiAl alloys.
Refining the grain size of γ-TiAl alloys to improve their strength and ductility is of academic interest. Thus, we report a multi-stage heat treatment method consisting of solution treatment, cyclic heat treatment, annealing, short heat treatment, and aging to refine the microstructure of the Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy. The solution-treated microstructure was refined from 1100 to 191 μm by cyclic heat treatment, promoting feathery γ packets. Fine duplex grains below 23 μm were obtained through discontinuous coarsening, which was accelerated in the cyclic-heat-treated alloys owing to the high driving force resulting from the presence of feathery γ packets and fine interlamellar spacing. Through the short heat treatment and aging at single α and α2 + γ fields, a tailored duplex structure with a grain size of 24 μm and interlamellar spacing of 42 nm was achieved. Through microstructure refinement, tensile strength and elongation were improved to 697 MPa and 2.1%, respectively, compared to those of the conventional forged specimen (622 MPa and 1.3%, respectively). We believe that our study provides a simple pathway to refine the grain size and interlamellar spacing of γ-TiAl alloys.
ArticleNumber 141321
Author Yim, Seungkyun
Aoyagi, Kenta
Chiba, Akihiko
Bian, Huakang
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Seungkyun
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7577-9926
  surname: Yim
  fullname: Yim, Seungkyun
  organization: Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Huakang
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9814-4613
  surname: Bian
  fullname: Bian, Huakang
  email: bianhuakang@imr.tohoku.ac.jp
  organization: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kenta
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3371-1795
  surname: Aoyagi
  fullname: Aoyagi, Kenta
  organization: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Akihiko
  surname: Chiba
  fullname: Chiba, Akihiko
  organization: Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
BookMark eNp9kM1q3DAQgEVJoZttX6AnQc7e6N825BKWNCmE9LJ3IcmjRostbyU5kEvoO_QN-ySV2Z5zmTnMfPPzXaKLOEdA6CslO0qouj7upgxmxwijOyooZ_QD2tCu5Y3oubpAG9Iz2kjS80_oMucjIYQKIjfo7c57cAXPHk_LWEKTi_kJ-BlMwSXVOEGs1YgncM8mBmdGfErzCVIJkLGJA56CS3MuaXFlSVApE7Of02RKqFwdfAh_f_8R3e1YE9unNT5ZbMZxfv2MPnozZvjyP2_R4dvdYf_QPP64_76_fWyc4F1pHHSOKCDWCq-Ut13bsh7c0FJplXcdV6pT1krZWtZ2knOhem6sGrhUTli-RVfnsfX0Xwvkoo_zkmLdqJlUgrZSCF672Llr_Scn8PqUwmTSq6ZEr5r1Ua-a9apZnzVX6OYMQT3_JUDS2QWIDoaQqlg9zOE9_B_JWYvT
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2022_164689
crossref_primary_10_3390_met14050521
crossref_primary_10_1016_S1003_6326_23_66392_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_powtec_2022_117996
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matchar_2023_113268
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2024_146867
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14135942
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2022_167611
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_169058
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_172410
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2022_04_160
crossref_primary_10_3390_met13121991
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma17030570
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intermet_2024_108365
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2022_144053
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2023_144630
crossref_primary_10_3390_met11081231
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intermet_2021_107456
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2023_145761
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2022_143566
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2022_165467
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2023_111989
crossref_primary_10_3390_met13081420
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vacuum_2023_112363
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_169420
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matchar_2023_112915
crossref_primary_10_3390_met14060661
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmst_2022_07_024
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ceramint_2024_02_079
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10800_022_01756_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijplas_2022_103451
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmatprotec_2023_118104
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10853_022_07228_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2022_11_109
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intermet_2021_107406
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2024_146187
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmst_2023_05_070
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2021_142366
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intermet_2024_108258
Cites_doi 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90310-7
10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00337-X
10.1016/j.intermet.2014.10.020
10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00091-X
10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106728
10.1557/opl.2013.44
10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00870-6
10.1007/s11661-998-0154-6
10.1007/BF02649823
10.1016/j.actamat.2014.03.058
10.1007/BF03221103
10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00020-6
10.1016/j.intermet.2018.02.002
10.1002/adem.200800159
10.1007/BF02657854
10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.04.001
10.1016/j.intermet.2008.06.015
10.1016/j.intermet.2009.05.013
10.1007/s11837-018-2747-x
10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.001
10.1016/j.intermet.2005.11.015
10.1016/0921-5093(94)03271-8
10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.056
10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00197-8
10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01543-X
10.1007/s11661-998-0163-5
10.1016/0001-6160(74)90103-5
10.1016/j.actamat.2015.10.049
10.2355/isijinternational.31.1235
10.1016/j.intermet.2005.04.016
10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00572-4
10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00047-X
10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00378-X
10.1080/01418610008212105
10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.032
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.12.021
10.1016/j.intermet.2012.12.006
10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.019
10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00073-X
10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00062-4
10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.546-549.1437
10.1016/0956-716X(95)00213-F
10.1016/j.intermet.2013.10.019
10.1016/j.matchar.2009.03.008
10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.004
10.1007/s11661-001-0005-1
10.1016/j.intermet.2012.07.009
10.1016/j.intermet.2018.12.006
10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.191.221
10.1016/0966-9795(96)00047-7
10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00139-0
10.1016/0921-5107(95)80022-0
10.1002/1527-2648(200009)2:9<551::AID-ADEM551>3.0.CO;2-U
10.1016/0956-7151(92)90411-7
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 1, 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 Elsevier B.V.
– notice: Copyright Elsevier BV Jun 1, 2021
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7SR
8BQ
8FD
JG9
DOI 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321
DatabaseName CrossRef
Engineered Materials Abstracts
METADEX
Technology Research Database
Materials Research Database
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Materials Research Database
Engineered Materials Abstracts
Technology Research Database
METADEX
DatabaseTitleList Materials Research Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1873-4936
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_msea_2021_141321
S0921509321005906
GroupedDBID --K
--M
-~X
.~1
0R~
1B1
1~.
1~5
4.4
457
4G.
5GY
5VS
7-5
71M
8P~
9JN
AABNK
AABXZ
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAEPC
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAQFI
AAXUO
ABFNM
ABMAC
ABXRA
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACRLP
ADBBV
ADEZE
AEBSH
AEKER
AEZYN
AFKWA
AFRZQ
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHHHB
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AJOXV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AXJTR
BKOJK
BLXMC
CS3
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EO8
EO9
EP2
EP3
F5P
FDB
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
G-Q
GBLVA
IHE
J1W
KOM
M24
M41
MAGPM
MO0
N9A
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OZT
P-8
P-9
PC.
Q38
RNS
ROL
RPZ
SDF
SDG
SDP
SES
SMS
SPC
SPCBC
SSM
SSZ
T5K
~02
~G-
29M
6TJ
8WZ
A6W
AAQXK
AAXKI
AAYXX
ABXDB
ACNNM
ADMUD
AFJKZ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
CITATION
EJD
FEDTE
FGOYB
G-2
G8K
HVGLF
HZ~
R2-
RIG
SEW
WUQ
7SR
8BQ
8FD
JG9
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-ce8c06e0bb4f66fb87729ecd715b6fc836686bb557b2785334693ab6d356c4b3
IEDL.DBID AIKHN
ISSN 0921-5093
IngestDate Thu Oct 10 17:09:08 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 16:24:20 EDT 2024
Fri Feb 23 02:45:59 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Discontinuous coarsening
Cyclic heat treatment (CHT)
Grain refinement
TiAl alloy
Feathery γ
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c438t-ce8c06e0bb4f66fb87729ecd715b6fc836686bb557b2785334693ab6d356c4b3
ORCID 0000-0001-7577-9926
0000-0002-9814-4613
0000-0002-3371-1795
OpenAccessLink http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0921509321005906/pdf/S0921509321005906.pdf
PQID 2564175443
PQPubID 2045432
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2564175443
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2021_141321
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_msea_2021_141321
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-06-01
2021-06-00
20210601
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Lausanne
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Lausanne
PublicationTitle Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Elsevier BV
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: Elsevier BV
References Jung, Park (bib44) 2000; 80
Sharma, Ramanujan, Tiwari (bib36) 2000; 48
Blackburn (bib30) 1970
Wang, Yang, Wang (bib26) 2005; 52
Livingston, Cahn (bib35) 1974; 22
Zhang, Kong, Chen, Liu, Lin (bib13) 2012; 31
Luo, Voisin, Monchoux, Couret (bib16) 2013; 36
Ding, Li, Hu, Martin, Dixon, Bowen (bib50) 2015; 58
Cao, Chen, Zhang (bib52) 2007; 546–549
Wang, Yang, Xia, Wang (bib25) 2002; 329–331
Dey, Bouzy, Hazotte (bib34) 2008; 56
Kościelna, Szkliniarz (bib23) 2009; 60
Kim (bib4) 1995; 192–193
Mitao, Bendersky (bib28) 1997; 45
Dey, Hazotte, Bouzy (bib42) 2009; 17
Clemens, Bartels, Bystrzanowski, Chladil, Leitner, Dehm, Gerling, Schimansky (bib21) 2006; 14
Szkliniarz (bib24) 2012; 191
Semiatin, Seetharaman, Dimiduk, Ashbee (bib47) 1998; 29
Kim, Kim, Kim, Park, Kim, Oh, Kim (bib46) 2020; 120
Kim, Kim (bib3) 2018; 70
Ruirun, Deshuang, Jingjie, Tengfei, Hongsheng, Yanqing, Hengzhi (bib48) 2016; 653
Wu, Hu (bib37) 2005; 52
Chaturvedi, Xu, Richards (bib15) 2001; 118
Liu, Schneibel, Maziasz, Wright, Easton (bib12) 1996; 4
Ramanujan (bib40) 1994; 42
Qin, Hao (bib45) 1997; 37
Koeppe, Bartels, Seeger, Mecking (bib51) 1993; 24
Guyon, Hazotte, Wagner, Bouzy (bib29) 2016; 103
Rittinghaus, Hecht, Werner, Weisheit (bib18) 2018; 95
Kothari, Radhakrishnan, Wereley (bib7) 2012; 55
Evangelista, Zhang, Francesconi, Nazmy (bib49) 1995; 33
Jabbar, Monchoux, Thomas, Pyczak, Couret (bib10) 2014; 46
Imayev, Khismatullin, Oleneva, Imayev, Valiev, Wunderlich, Minkow, Hecht, Fecht (bib20) 2008; 10
Wang, Ding, Zhang, Chen, Guo, Fu (bib38) 2017; 700
Botten, Wu, Hu, Loretto (bib53) 2001; 49
Godfrey, Hu, Loretto (bib55) 1998; 77
Veeraraghavan, Wang, Vasudevan (bib31) 2003; 51
Hu, Huang, Jiang, Mota-Solis, Wu (bib56) 2006; 14
Voisin, Monchoux, Hantcherli, Mayer, Clemens, Couret (bib9) 2014; 73
Clemens, Kestler (bib1) 2000; 2
Loria (bib6) 2000; 8
Yang, Wang, Wang, Xia, Zhang (bib27) 2001; 9
Couret, Molénat, Galy, Thomas (bib17) 2008; 16
Froes, Suryanarayana, Eliezer (bib5) 1991; 31
Murr, Gaytan, Ceylan, Martinez, Martinez, Hernandez, Machado, Ramirez, Medina, Collins, Wicker (bib19) 2010; 58
Hu, Botten (bib32) 2002; 10
Usta, Wolfe, Duquette, Stoloff, Wright (bib14) 2003; 359
Liu, Maziasz (bib11) 1998; 6
Ramanujan, Maziasz (bib33) 1996; 27
Maziasz, Liu (bib39) 1998; 29
Kim, Dimiduk (bib22) 1991; 43
Qin, Oikawa, Sun, Sumi, Ikeshoji, Wang, Guo, Hao (bib41) 2001; 32
Zhu, Xue, Kou, Dong, Li (bib54) 2019; 106
Kim (bib8) 1992; 40
Bewlay, Weimer, Kelly, Suzuki, Subramanian (bib2) 2013; 1516
Aaronson, Spanos, Masamura, Vardiman, Moon, Menon, Hall (bib43) 1995; 32
Koeppe (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib51) 1993; 24
Zhang (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib13) 2012; 31
Wang (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib38) 2017; 700
Kim (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib8) 1992; 40
Veeraraghavan (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib31) 2003; 51
Semiatin (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib47) 1998; 29
Kim (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib46) 2020; 120
Clemens (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib1) 2000; 2
Zhu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib54) 2019; 106
Luo (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib16) 2013; 36
Ramanujan (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib33) 1996; 27
Ruirun (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib48) 2016; 653
Kim (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib4) 1995; 192–193
Guyon (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib29) 2016; 103
Kothari (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib7) 2012; 55
Ding (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib50) 2015; 58
Liu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib12) 1996; 4
Wang (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib26) 2005; 52
Yang (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib27) 2001; 9
Jung (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib44) 2000; 80
Ramanujan (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib40) 1994; 42
Qin (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib41) 2001; 32
Jabbar (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib10) 2014; 46
Livingston (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib35) 1974; 22
Rittinghaus (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib18) 2018; 95
Voisin (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib9) 2014; 73
Froes (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib5) 1991; 31
Wu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib37) 2005; 52
Bewlay (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib2) 2013; 1516
Blackburn (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib30) 1970
Botten (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib53) 2001; 49
Couret (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib17) 2008; 16
Aaronson (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib43) 1995; 32
Hu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib56) 2006; 14
Maziasz (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib39) 1998; 29
Szkliniarz (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib24) 2012; 191
Liu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib11) 1998; 6
Kim (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib3) 2018; 70
Dey (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib42) 2009; 17
Wang (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib25) 2002; 329–331
Imayev (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib20) 2008; 10
Qin (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib45) 1997; 37
Clemens (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib21) 2006; 14
Cao (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib52) 2007; 546–549
Dey (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib34) 2008; 56
Kościelna (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib23) 2009; 60
Usta (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib14) 2003; 359
Chaturvedi (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib15) 2001; 118
Mitao (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib28) 1997; 45
Godfrey (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib55) 1998; 77
Sharma (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib36) 2000; 48
Evangelista (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib49) 1995; 33
Hu (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib32) 2002; 10
Kim (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib22) 1991; 43
Murr (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib19) 2010; 58
Loria (10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib6) 2000; 8
References_xml – volume: 52
  start-page: 329
  year: 2005
  end-page: 334
  ident: bib26
  article-title: Grain refinement of a Ti–47Al–8Nb–2Cr alloy through heat treatments
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 103
  start-page: 672
  year: 2016
  end-page: 680
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Recrystallization of coherent nanolamellar structures in Ti48Al2Cr2Nb intermetallic alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Bouzy
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  end-page: 3
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Improvement of the creep properties of TiAl alloys densified by Spark Plasma Sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Couret
– volume: 56
  start-page: 2051
  year: 2008
  end-page: 2062
  ident: bib34
  article-title: Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hazotte
– volume: 70
  start-page: 553
  year: 2018
  end-page: 560
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Advances in gammalloy materials–processes–application technology: successes, dilemmas, and future
  publication-title: JOM
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 14
  start-page: 82
  year: 2006
  end-page: 90
  ident: bib56
  article-title: Pre-yielding and pre-yield cracking in TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Wu
– volume: 118
  start-page: 74
  year: 2001
  end-page: 78
  ident: bib15
  article-title: Development of crack-free welds in a TiAl-based alloy
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  contributor:
    fullname: Richards
– volume: 329–331
  start-page: 118
  year: 2002
  end-page: 123
  ident: bib25
  article-title: On the grain size refinement of TiAl alloys by cyclic heat treatment
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 546–549
  start-page: 1437
  year: 2007
  end-page: 1442
  ident: bib52
  article-title: Study on fracture behavior of γ-TiAl based alloys
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Forum
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 9
  start-page: 369
  year: 2001
  end-page: 372
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Control of the homogeneity of the lamellar structure of a TiAl alloy refined by heat treatment
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 191
  start-page: 221
  year: 2012
  end-page: 234
  ident: bib24
  article-title: Grain refinement of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy by heat treatment method
  publication-title: Solid State Phenom.
  contributor:
    fullname: Szkliniarz
– volume: 45
  start-page: 4475
  year: 1997
  end-page: 4489
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Morphology and growth kinetics of discontinuous coarsening in fully lamellar Ti-44 Al (at.%) alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Bendersky
– volume: 653
  start-page: 23
  year: 2016
  end-page: 26
  ident: bib48
  article-title: A novel method for grain refinement and microstructure modification in TiAl alloy by ultrasonic vibration
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Hengzhi
– volume: 77
  start-page: 287
  year: 1998
  end-page: 297
  ident: bib55
  article-title: The role of the α2 phase in the transmission of slip in lamellar TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Philos. Mag. A Phys. Condens. Matter, Struct. Defects Mech. Prop.
  contributor:
    fullname: Loretto
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1052
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1064
  ident: bib42
  article-title: Crystallography and phase transformation mechanisms in TiAl-based alloys – a synthesis
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Bouzy
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1887
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1894
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Characterization of titanium aluminide alloy components fabricated by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wicker
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1927
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1938
  ident: bib41
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of the lamellar structure of γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys and its control
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hao
– volume: 359
  start-page: 168
  year: 2003
  end-page: 177
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Thermo-mechanical grain refinement in gamma (γ) based TiAl intermetallics
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Wright
– volume: 33
  start-page: 467
  year: 1995
  end-page: 472
  ident: bib49
  article-title: Toughening mechanism in the lamellar and duplex TiAl-based alloys at ambient temperature: microcrack analysis
  publication-title: Scripta Metall. Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Nazmy
– volume: 29
  start-page: 105
  year: 1998
  end-page: 117
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Development of ultrafine lamellar structures in two-phase γ-TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 1516
  start-page: 49
  year: 2013
  end-page: 58
  ident: bib2
  article-title: The science, technology, and implementation of TiAl alloys in commercial aircraft engines
  publication-title: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
  contributor:
    fullname: Subramanian
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1095
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1100
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Grain refinement in cast Ti-46Al-8Nb and Ti-46Al-8Ta alloys via massive transformation
  publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Fecht
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1339
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1345
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Gamma titanium aluminides as prospective structural materials
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Loria
– volume: 6
  start-page: 653
  year: 1998
  end-page: 661
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Microstructural control and mechanical properties of dual-phase TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Maziasz
– volume: 73
  start-page: 107
  year: 2014
  end-page: 115
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of a multi-phase β-solidifying TiAl alloy densified by spark plasma sintering
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Couret
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1134
  year: 2008
  end-page: 1141
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys consolidated by spark plasma sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Thomas
– volume: 32
  start-page: 107
  year: 1995
  end-page: 123
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Sympathetic nucleation: an overview
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. B.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hall
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1127
  year: 2000
  end-page: 1138
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Influence of the γ-phase volume fraction on the growth kinetics of discontinuous coarsening of the lamellar structure in Ti-(40–46) at.% Al intermetallic compounds
  publication-title: Philos. Mag. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Park
– volume: 192–193
  start-page: 519
  year: 1995
  end-page: 533
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Effects of microstructure on the deformation and fracture of γ-TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– start-page: 633
  year: 1970
  end-page: 643
  ident: bib30
  article-title: Some aspects of phase transformations in titanium alloys
  publication-title: R.I. JAFFEE, N.E.B.T.-T.S. PROMISEL Technology and Application of Titanium
  contributor:
    fullname: Blackburn
– volume: 22
  start-page: 495
  year: 1974
  end-page: 503
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of aligned eutectoids
  publication-title: Acta Metall.
  contributor:
    fullname: Cahn
– volume: 10
  start-page: 701
  year: 2002
  end-page: 715
  ident: bib32
  article-title: Phase transformations in some TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Botten
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1158
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1162
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Effect of cyclic heat treatment parameters on the grain refinement of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Char.
  contributor:
    fullname: Szkliniarz
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1795
  year: 1993
  end-page: 1806
  ident: bib51
  article-title: General aspects of the thermomechanical
  publication-title: Metall. Trans. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Mecking
– volume: 48
  start-page: 875
  year: 2000
  end-page: 889
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Instability mechanisms in lamellar microstructures
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Tiwari
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1380
  year: 2006
  end-page: 1385
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Grain refinement in γ-TiAl-based alloys by solid state phase transformations
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Schimansky
– volume: 700
  start-page: 198
  year: 2017
  end-page: 208
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Variations of microstructure and tensile property of γ-TiAl alloys with 0–0.5 at% C additives
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  contributor:
    fullname: Fu
– volume: 106
  start-page: 13
  year: 2019
  end-page: 19
  ident: bib54
  article-title: The nucleation of microcracks under tensile stress in multi-phase high Nb-containing TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 36
  start-page: 12
  year: 2013
  end-page: 20
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Refinement of lamellar microstructures by boron incorporation in GE-TiAl alloys processed by Spark Plasma Sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Couret
– volume: 43
  start-page: 40
  year: 1991
  end-page: 47
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Progress in the understanding of gamma titanium aluminides
  publication-title: JOM
  contributor:
    fullname: Dimiduk
– volume: 55
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  end-page: 16
  ident: bib7
  article-title: Advances in gamma titanium aluminides and their manufacturing techniques
  publication-title: Prog. Aero. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Wereley
– volume: 52
  start-page: 731
  year: 2005
  end-page: 734
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Microstructural refinement in cast TiAl alloys by solid state transformations
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hu
– volume: 2
  start-page: 551
  year: 2000
  end-page: 570
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Processing and applications of intermetallic γ-TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Kestler
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7
  year: 1998
  end-page: 18
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Phase transformation behavior of gamma titanium aluminide alloys during supertransus heat treatment
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Ashbee
– volume: 31
  start-page: 208
  year: 2012
  end-page: 216
  ident: bib13
  article-title: Phase transformation and microstructure evolution of differently processed Ti–45Al–9Nb–Y alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Lin
– volume: 120
  start-page: 106728
  year: 2020
  ident: bib46
  article-title: Producing fine fully lamellar microstructure for cast γ-TiAl without hot working
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 4
  start-page: 429
  year: 1996
  end-page: 440
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Tensile properties and fracture toughness of TiAl alloys with controlled microstructures
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Easton
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1661
  year: 1996
  end-page: 1673
  ident: bib33
  article-title: The mechanism of formation of a fine duplex microstructure in Ti-48Al-2Mn-2Nb alloys
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  contributor:
    fullname: Maziasz
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1687
  year: 2001
  end-page: 1691
  ident: bib53
  article-title: The significance of acoustic emission during stressing of TiAl-based alloys. Part I: detection of cracking during loading up in tension
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Loretto
– volume: 58
  start-page: 36
  year: 2015
  end-page: 42
  ident: bib50
  article-title: Features of fracture surface in a fully lamellar TiAl-base alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Bowen
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1721
  year: 2003
  end-page: 1741
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Nucleation kinetics of the α→γM massive transformation in a Ti-47.5 at.% Al alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Vasudevan
– volume: 37
  start-page: 937
  year: 1997
  end-page: 942
  ident: bib45
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of primary α
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Hao
– volume: 95
  start-page: 94
  year: 2018
  end-page: 101
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Heat treatment of laser metal deposited TiAl TNM alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  contributor:
    fullname: Weisheit
– volume: 42
  start-page: 2313
  year: 1994
  end-page: 2322
  ident: bib40
  article-title: The transformation between the γ and α phases in binary and ternary γ-based titanium aluminides
  publication-title: Acta Metall. Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Ramanujan
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1121
  year: 1992
  end-page: 1134
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a forged gamma titanium aluminide alloy
  publication-title: Acta Metall. Mater.
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1235
  year: 1991
  end-page: 1248
  ident: bib5
  article-title: Production, characteristics, and commercialization of titanium aluminides
  publication-title: ISIJ Int.
  contributor:
    fullname: Eliezer
– volume: 42
  start-page: 2313
  year: 1994
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib40
  article-title: The transformation between the γ and α phases in binary and ternary γ-based titanium aluminides
  publication-title: Acta Metall. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90310-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Ramanujan
– volume: 359
  start-page: 168
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib14
  article-title: Thermo-mechanical grain refinement in gamma (γ) based TiAl intermetallics
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00337-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Usta
– volume: 58
  start-page: 36
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib50
  article-title: Features of fracture surface in a fully lamellar TiAl-base alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.10.020
  contributor:
    fullname: Ding
– volume: 49
  start-page: 1687
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib53
  article-title: The significance of acoustic emission during stressing of TiAl-based alloys. Part I: detection of cracking during loading up in tension
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00091-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Botten
– volume: 120
  start-page: 106728
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib46
  article-title: Producing fine fully lamellar microstructure for cast γ-TiAl without hot working
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106728
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 1516
  start-page: 49
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib2
  article-title: The science, technology, and implementation of TiAl alloys in commercial aircraft engines
  publication-title: Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
  doi: 10.1557/opl.2013.44
  contributor:
    fullname: Bewlay
– volume: 118
  start-page: 74
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib15
  article-title: Development of crack-free welds in a TiAl-based alloy
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00870-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Chaturvedi
– volume: 29
  start-page: 7
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib47
  article-title: Phase transformation behavior of gamma titanium aluminide alloys during supertransus heat treatment
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s11661-998-0154-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Semiatin
– volume: 27
  start-page: 1661
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib33
  article-title: The mechanism of formation of a fine duplex microstructure in Ti-48Al-2Mn-2Nb alloys
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/BF02649823
  contributor:
    fullname: Ramanujan
– volume: 73
  start-page: 107
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib9
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of a multi-phase β-solidifying TiAl alloy densified by spark plasma sintering
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.03.058
  contributor:
    fullname: Voisin
– volume: 43
  start-page: 40
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib22
  article-title: Progress in the understanding of gamma titanium aluminides
  publication-title: JOM
  doi: 10.1007/BF03221103
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 9
  start-page: 369
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib27
  article-title: Control of the homogeneity of the lamellar structure of a TiAl alloy refined by heat treatment
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/S0966-9795(01)00020-6
  contributor:
    fullname: Yang
– volume: 95
  start-page: 94
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib18
  article-title: Heat treatment of laser metal deposited TiAl TNM alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2018.02.002
  contributor:
    fullname: Rittinghaus
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1095
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib20
  article-title: Grain refinement in cast Ti-46Al-8Nb and Ti-46Al-8Ta alloys via massive transformation
  publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/adem.200800159
  contributor:
    fullname: Imayev
– volume: 24
  start-page: 1795
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib51
  article-title: General aspects of the thermomechanical
  publication-title: Metall. Trans. A
  doi: 10.1007/BF02657854
  contributor:
    fullname: Koeppe
– volume: 55
  start-page: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib7
  article-title: Advances in gamma titanium aluminides and their manufacturing techniques
  publication-title: Prog. Aero. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.04.001
  contributor:
    fullname: Kothari
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1134
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib17
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys consolidated by spark plasma sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.06.015
  contributor:
    fullname: Couret
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1052
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib42
  article-title: Crystallography and phase transformation mechanisms in TiAl-based alloys – a synthesis
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.05.013
  contributor:
    fullname: Dey
– volume: 70
  start-page: 553
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib3
  article-title: Advances in gammalloy materials–processes–application technology: successes, dilemmas, and future
  publication-title: JOM
  doi: 10.1007/s11837-018-2747-x
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 653
  start-page: 23
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib48
  article-title: A novel method for grain refinement and microstructure modification in TiAl alloy by ultrasonic vibration
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.001
  contributor:
    fullname: Ruirun
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1380
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib21
  article-title: Grain refinement in γ-TiAl-based alloys by solid state phase transformations
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.11.015
  contributor:
    fullname: Clemens
– volume: 192–193
  start-page: 519
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib4
  article-title: Effects of microstructure on the deformation and fracture of γ-TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(94)03271-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 56
  start-page: 2051
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib34
  article-title: Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.056
  contributor:
    fullname: Dey
– volume: 37
  start-page: 937
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib45
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of primary α2γ lamellae in surface layer of the Ti58Al42 intermetallic alloy
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(97)00197-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Qin
– volume: 329–331
  start-page: 118
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib25
  article-title: On the grain size refinement of TiAl alloys by cyclic heat treatment
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01543-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 29
  start-page: 105
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib39
  article-title: Development of ultrafine lamellar structures in two-phase γ-TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s11661-998-0163-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Maziasz
– volume: 22
  start-page: 495
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib35
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of aligned eutectoids
  publication-title: Acta Metall.
  doi: 10.1016/0001-6160(74)90103-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Livingston
– volume: 103
  start-page: 672
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib29
  article-title: Recrystallization of coherent nanolamellar structures in Ti48Al2Cr2Nb intermetallic alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.10.049
  contributor:
    fullname: Guyon
– volume: 31
  start-page: 1235
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib5
  article-title: Production, characteristics, and commercialization of titanium aluminides
  publication-title: ISIJ Int.
  doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.31.1235
  contributor:
    fullname: Froes
– volume: 14
  start-page: 82
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib56
  article-title: Pre-yielding and pre-yield cracking in TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.04.016
  contributor:
    fullname: Hu
– volume: 51
  start-page: 1721
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib31
  article-title: Nucleation kinetics of the α→γM massive transformation in a Ti-47.5 at.% Al alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00572-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Veeraraghavan
– volume: 10
  start-page: 701
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib32
  article-title: Phase transformations in some TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00047-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Hu
– start-page: 633
  year: 1970
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib30
  article-title: Some aspects of phase transformations in titanium alloys
  contributor:
    fullname: Blackburn
– volume: 48
  start-page: 875
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib36
  article-title: Instability mechanisms in lamellar microstructures
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00378-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Sharma
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1127
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib44
  article-title: Influence of the γ-phase volume fraction on the growth kinetics of discontinuous coarsening of the lamellar structure in Ti-(40–46) at.% Al intermetallic compounds
  publication-title: Philos. Mag. A
  doi: 10.1080/01418610008212105
  contributor:
    fullname: Jung
– volume: 58
  start-page: 1887
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib19
  article-title: Characterization of titanium aluminide alloy components fabricated by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.032
  contributor:
    fullname: Murr
– volume: 52
  start-page: 731
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib37
  article-title: Microstructural refinement in cast TiAl alloys by solid state transformations
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.12.021
  contributor:
    fullname: Wu
– volume: 36
  start-page: 12
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib16
  article-title: Refinement of lamellar microstructures by boron incorporation in GE-TiAl alloys processed by Spark Plasma Sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.12.006
  contributor:
    fullname: Luo
– volume: 700
  start-page: 198
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib38
  article-title: Variations of microstructure and tensile property of γ-TiAl alloys with 0–0.5 at% C additives
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.06.019
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 8
  start-page: 1339
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib6
  article-title: Gamma titanium aluminides as prospective structural materials
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00073-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Loria
– volume: 6
  start-page: 653
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib11
  article-title: Microstructural control and mechanical properties of dual-phase TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00062-4
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 546–549
  start-page: 1437
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib52
  article-title: Study on fracture behavior of γ-TiAl based alloys
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Forum
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.546-549.1437
  contributor:
    fullname: Cao
– volume: 33
  start-page: 467
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib49
  article-title: Toughening mechanism in the lamellar and duplex TiAl-based alloys at ambient temperature: microcrack analysis
  publication-title: Scripta Metall. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(95)00213-F
  contributor:
    fullname: Evangelista
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib10
  article-title: Improvement of the creep properties of TiAl alloys densified by Spark Plasma Sintering
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2013.10.019
  contributor:
    fullname: Jabbar
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1158
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib23
  article-title: Effect of cyclic heat treatment parameters on the grain refinement of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Char.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.03.008
  contributor:
    fullname: Kościelna
– volume: 52
  start-page: 329
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib26
  article-title: Grain refinement of a Ti–47Al–8Nb–2Cr alloy through heat treatments
  publication-title: Scripta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.004
  contributor:
    fullname: Wang
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1927
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib41
  article-title: Discontinuous coarsening of the lamellar structure of γ-TiAl-based intermetallic alloys and its control
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s11661-001-0005-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Qin
– volume: 31
  start-page: 208
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib13
  article-title: Phase transformation and microstructure evolution of differently processed Ti–45Al–9Nb–Y alloy
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.07.009
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhang
– volume: 106
  start-page: 13
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib54
  article-title: The nucleation of microcracks under tensile stress in multi-phase high Nb-containing TiAl alloys
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/j.intermet.2018.12.006
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
– volume: 191
  start-page: 221
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib24
  article-title: Grain refinement of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy by heat treatment method
  publication-title: Solid State Phenom.
  doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.191.221
  contributor:
    fullname: Szkliniarz
– volume: 4
  start-page: 429
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib12
  article-title: Tensile properties and fracture toughness of TiAl alloys with controlled microstructures
  publication-title: Intermetallics
  doi: 10.1016/0966-9795(96)00047-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Liu
– volume: 45
  start-page: 4475
  year: 1997
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib28
  article-title: Morphology and growth kinetics of discontinuous coarsening in fully lamellar Ti-44 Al (at.%) alloy
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00139-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Mitao
– volume: 32
  start-page: 107
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib43
  article-title: Sympathetic nucleation: an overview
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. B.
  doi: 10.1016/0921-5107(95)80022-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Aaronson
– volume: 2
  start-page: 551
  year: 2000
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib1
  article-title: Processing and applications of intermetallic γ-TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Adv. Eng. Mater.
  doi: 10.1002/1527-2648(200009)2:9<551::AID-ADEM551>3.0.CO;2-U
  contributor:
    fullname: Clemens
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1121
  year: 1992
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib8
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a forged gamma titanium aluminide alloy
  publication-title: Acta Metall. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/0956-7151(92)90411-7
  contributor:
    fullname: Kim
– volume: 77
  start-page: 287
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321_bib55
  article-title: The role of the α2 phase in the transmission of slip in lamellar TiAl-based alloys
  publication-title: Philos. Mag. A Phys. Condens. Matter, Struct. Defects Mech. Prop.
  contributor:
    fullname: Godfrey
SSID ssj0001405
Score 2.569145
Snippet Refining the grain size of γ-TiAl alloys to improve their strength and ductility is of academic interest. Thus, we report a multi-stage heat treatment method...
SourceID proquest
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Aggregation Database
Publisher
StartPage 141321
SubjectTerms Aging (metallurgy)
Alloys
Cyclic heat treatment (CHT)
Discontinuous coarsening
Elongation
Feathery γ
Grain refinement
Grain size
Heat treating
Intermetallic compounds
Mechanical properties
Microstructure
Solution heat treatment
Tensile strength
Thermal cycling
TiAl alloy
Titanium aluminides
Titanium base alloys
Title Effect of multi-stage heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure transformation of Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb alloy
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141321
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2564175443
Volume 816
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3JTsMwEB3RcoEDYhWFgnzghkKz2UmPVUVVQPRCkbhZduygIppWpRy4VPwDf8iXMJOlLBIcuGRTxoo8zvO8-M0E4CQVqQ2U0EhTfePgm8gdpRPuRMoGlhvumVzyfz0Q_dvw8o7frUC3yoUhWWWJ_QWm52hdXmmVvdmajkatG7eN0xUSciQtlEEparCaLxLVYbVzcdUfLAEZOUSuZMT7HTIoc2cKmdcYRxTSRN9DzEBm5v02P_1A6nz66W3CRhk3sk7xaFuwYrNtWP9STXAHFkUlYjZJWS4TdDDwu7eM0JYt9eRskrGxpXRf8g6b0rf4GRVVZSozbEzyvKKk7PPMotVnVIt22PBw9P76FsadR9z53RltB5rR4v3LLgx758Nu3yl_r-AkYRDPncTGiSusq3WYCpHqmAJtm5jI45QBFAdCxEJrziPtRzGl7Ip2oLQwARdJqIM9qGeTzO4DMylGTtZ1TWCQLyqlwlhjq9y2IzxUfgNOqz6V06KIhqzUZQ-SPCDJA7LwQAN41e3y21CQiPJ_2jUrH8nyRXySGNGFXl7k7-CfzR7CGp0V8rAm1NEH9ggDkbk-htrZwjsuh9sHLL3gug
link.rule.ids 315,783,787,4511,24130,27938,27939,45599,45693
linkProvider Elsevier
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV07T8MwELZKOwAD4ikKBTywoah52UnHqqJqoc1CkbpZduygIppWpQwsiP_AP-SXcJdHeUgwsCRRkrOiu_P5u-S7CyHnCU-MJ7mCNNXVFsxEZkkVMyuQxjNMM0dnlP9hxHu3_tWYjSukU9bCIK2yiP15TM-idXGmWWizOZ9Mmjd2C5YrSMghacEKSr5GaoAGWuDstXb_uhetAjLkEBmTEe63UKConclpXlPwKEgTXQdiBmRmzm_r049InS0_3W2yVeBG2s4fbYdUTLpLNr90E9wjL3knYjpLaEYTtAD43RmK0Zau-OR0ltKpwXJftA6d47v4BTZVpTLVdIr0vLyl7NPCgNQnqgU5GHg0eX9988P2A-zczgK3kaL48f55n4y6l6NOzyp-r2DFvhcurdiEsc2NrZSfcJ6oEIG2iXXgMKwACj3OQ64UY4FygxBLdkG5UnHtMR77yjsg1XSWmkNCdQLIydi29jTki1JKP1QwKjOtAA6lWycXpU7FPG-iIUp22b1ACwi0gMgtUCesVLv45goCovyfco3SRqKYiI8CEJ3vZE3-jv457BlZ742GAzHoR9fHZAOv5FSxBqmCPcwJgJKlOi2c7gO04OK3
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effect+of+multi-stage+heat+treatment+on+mechanical+properties+and+microstructure+transformation+of+Ti%E2%80%9348Al%E2%80%932Cr%E2%80%932Nb+alloy&rft.jtitle=Materials+science+%26+engineering.+A%2C+Structural+materials+%3A+properties%2C+microstructure+and+processing&rft.au=Yim%2C+Seungkyun&rft.au=Bian%2C+Huakang&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Kenta&rft.au=Chiba%2C+Akihiko&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+BV&rft.issn=0921-5093&rft.eissn=1873-4936&rft.volume=816&rft.spage=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.msea.2021.141321&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0921-5093&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0921-5093&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0921-5093&client=summon