A review on electronic nose for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response in lung cancer

• Published in: Journal of breath research Vol. 17; no. 2; pp. 24002 - 24009
• Main Authors: Vadala, Rohit, Pattnaik, Bijay, Bangaru, Sunil, Rai, Divyanjali, Tak, Jaya, Kashyap, Seetu, Verma, Umashankar, Yadav, Geetika, Dhaliwal, RS, Mittal, Saurabh, Hadda, Vijay, Madan, Karan, Guleria, Randeep, Agrawal, Anurag, Mohan, Anant
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England IOP Publishing 01.04.2023
• Subjects: biomarker; Biomarkers - analysis; Breath Tests - methods; Electronic Nose; eNOSE; Exhalation; exhaled breath analysis; Humans; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Lung Neoplasms - therapy; VOCs; Volatile organic compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; lung cancer; VOCs; eNOSE; biomarker; exhaled breath analysis
• ISSN: 1752-7155; 1752-7163
• DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acb791

Lung cancer is one of the common malignancies with high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage either due to limited resources of infrastructure, trained human resources, or delay in clinical suspicion. Low-dose computed tomography has emerged as a screening tool for lung cancer detection but this may not be a feasible option for most developing countries. Electronic nose is a unique non-invasive device that has been developed for lung cancer diagnosis and monitoring response by exhaled breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. The breath-print have been shown to differ not only among lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, but also between various types of lung cancer. Hence, we postulate that the breath-print analysis by electronic nose could be a potential biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer along with monitoring treatment response in a resource-limited setting. In this review, we have consolidated the current published literature suggesting the use of an electronic nose in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of lung cancer.