An evaluation of mandibular canal variations: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The inferior alveolar nerve and vessels are carried via the mandibular canal, which extends bilaterally from the inferior alveolar foramen to the mental foramen. Bifid and trifid mandibular canals result from abnormal fusions of nerve canals. The purpose of this study was to provide an up-to-date an...

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Published inAnatomical science international Vol. 98; no. 2; pp. 176 - 184
Main Authors Asghar, Adil, Priya, Ananya, Ravi, Kumar Satish, Iwanaga, Joe, Tubbs, R. Shane, Naaz, Shagufta, Panchal, Padamjeet
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01.03.2023
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Adult
Alveoli
Anatomy
Animal Anatomy
Animal Physiology
Cell Biology
Histology
Human Physiology
Humans
Mandible - anatomy & histology
Mandibular Canal
Mandibular Nerve - anatomy & histology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mental Foramen
Meta-analysis
Molar
Morphology
Neurosciences
Original Article
Variation
Mental foramen
Cartilage
Dentistry
Mandibular nerve
Imaging
Osteogenesis
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Summary:The inferior alveolar nerve and vessels are carried via the mandibular canal, which extends bilaterally from the inferior alveolar foramen to the mental foramen. Bifid and trifid mandibular canals result from abnormal fusions of nerve canals. The purpose of this study was to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of mandibular canal variations among healthy adults, and to identify any potential ethnic, sex, or laterality predilections. The prevalence of the bifid mandibular canal was 18.87% and that of the trifid canal 1.3%. Unilateral variants were three times commoner than bilateral. Each mandibular half had four canals emanating from separate openings on the lingual surface of the mandibular ramus. Retromolar and forward canals were the predominant subtypes, followed by dental; buccolingual were the least frequent. The mean length and diameter of the bifid mandibular canal were 13.62 mm and 1.63 mm, respectively. The possibility of a bifid mandibular canal is a crucial consideration in dental medicine. Because anatomical variations of the mandibular canal are fairly common, awareness of them is essential for anatomy teachers and for surgeons who operate in the oromaxillofacial region.
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ISSN:1447-6959
1447-073X
DOI:10.1007/s12565-022-00682-7