Physical and economic losses sustained by the industry in the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake

• Published in: Natural hazards (Dordrecht) Vol. 46; no. 2; pp. 153 - 178
• Main Authors: Durukal, Eser, Erdik, Mustafa
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.08.2008; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Civil Engineering; Disasters; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Earthquake damage; Earthquakes; Earthquakes, seismology; Economic impact; Economics; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental Management; Exact sciences and technology; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Hydrogeology; Industrial plants; Industry; Internal geophysics; Losses; Natural Hazards; Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc; Original Paper; Seismic activity; Turkey; Middle East; Turkey; Kocaeli Turkey; Asia; Turkey, Kocaeli; Industry; Industrial vulnerability; Turkey; Earthquake damage; Kocaeli earthquake; concrete; economic impacts; Industry .Industrial vulnerability . Earthquake damage; Kocaeli earthquake .Turkey; equipment; industry; vulnerability; construction materials; earthquakes; stocks; rupture; pipelines; natural disaster damages; buildings; tanks; performances; pipes
• ISSN: 0921-030X; 1573-0840
• DOI: 10.1007/s11069-008-9218-6

The aim of this article is to contribute with first-hand data on damage and failure modes at industrial facilities subject to earthquake. Physical and economic losses faced by the industry in the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake are summarized. Industrial-sector based, as well as component-based description of earthquake performance and damage are provided. The results of the post-earthquake questionnaire survey designed and executed with the aim of gathering factual data from industrial facilities that experienced physical damages, as well as suffered from business interruption losses are presented. Generalized-intensity-based mean damage ratios for industrial facilities in Turkey are given. The information provided in this article can be used for the first order estimation of building, machinery and equipment, as well as stock and business interruption losses associated with the industry during earthquakes in Turkey.