Apolipoprotein E, Statins, and Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

• Published in: Stroke (1970) Vol. 44; no. 11; pp. 3013 - 3017
• Main Authors: Woo, Daniel, Deka, Ranjan, Falcone, Guido J., Flaherty, Matthew L., Haverbusch, Mary, Martini, Sharyl R., Greenberg, Steven M., Ayres, Alison M., Sauerbeck, Laura, Kissela, Brett M., Kleindorfer, Dawn O., Moomaw, Charles J., Anderson, Christopher D., Broderick, Joseph P., Rosand, Jonathan, Langefeld, Carl D., Woo, Jessica G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01.11.2013
• Subjects: Aged; Apolipoproteins E - genetics; Apolipoproteins E - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Hemorrhage - chemically induced; Cerebral Hemorrhage - diagnosis; Cerebral Hemorrhage - genetics; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - adverse effects; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neurology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Toxicity: nervous system and muscle; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system; Stroke; Nervous system diseases; Enzyme; Cardiovascular disease; Statin derivative; Epidemiology; Cerebral disorder; Vascular disease; intracerebral hemorrhage; genetics; pharmacogenomics; Apolipoprotein E; Cerebral hemorrhage; Central nervous system disease; Risk factor; Oxidoreductases; hydroxymethylgutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; Cerebrovascular disease; Antilipemic agent; Reductase; apolipoprotein E; epidemiology
• ISSN: 0039-2499; 1524-4628; 1524-4628
• DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001304

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes have been associated with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although statins have been associated with an increased risk of ICH, meta-analyses have not consistently shown a statin-induced risk of ICH. Here, we test whether hypercholesterolemia (HC) and ApoE polymorphisms affect the risk of ICH by statin use. The Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke (GERFHS) study is a prospective, demographically matched case-control study of ICH. A similar study of ICH, Genetic Risks for Medication-Related Hemorrhagic Stroke (GOCHA), was used as a replication cohort. Subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia, HC without statin use, and HC with statin use. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fisher exact test, χ2 tests, and the Breslow-Day test. The discovery cohort consisted of 558 ICH cases and 1444 controls, and the replication cohort consisted of 1020 ICH cases and 382 controls. The association of lower risk for HC was not attenuated by statin use. Statin use was observed to confer a higher risk for lobar ICH in those carrying ApoE4/E4 and ApoE2/E4 genotypes in both discovery and replication cohorts, and a test for interaction showed a trend towards significance (P=0.11 for statin and ApoE4/E4). Statin use does not seem to attenuate the association of HC with decreased risk for nonlobar ICH. Our data support a gene-by-drug effect for lobar ICH, but larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the association before any clinical change is warranted. http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00930280.