High Temperature Tolerance in Aegilops Species and Its Potential Transfer to Wheat

• Published in: Crop science Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 292 - 304
• Main Authors: Pradhan, G.P, Prasad, P.V.V, Fritz, A.K, Kirkham, M.B, Gill, B.S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison, WI Crop Science Society of America 2012; The Crop Science Society of America, Inc; American Society of Agronomy
• Subjects: Adaptation to environment and cultivation conditions; Aegilops; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Bread; breeding; Chlorophyll; cultivars; flowering; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; genetic variation; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Genomes; Genomics; Grain growth; Grain size; grain yield; heat; heat tolerance; High temperature; photoperiod; temperature; Triticum aestivum; Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims; Wheat; Heat resistance; Monocotyledones; Triticum; Aegilops; Gramineae; Angiospermae; Herbaceous plant; Spermatophyta
• ISSN: 1435-0653; 0011-183X; 1435-0653
• DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2011.04.0186

High temperature (HT) stress is highly detrimental to crop productivity but there is limited variability for this trait among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The objectives of this research were to screen wild wheats (Aegilops species) for tolerance to HT stress at the reproductive stage and to measure physiological and yield traits associated with the tolerance. Fifty-two accessions belonging to five Aegilops species were evaluated at optimum temperature (OT) (25/19°C day/night) and HT (36/30°C) with a photoperiod of 18 h. Stress was imposed at anthesis and continued for 16 d. Across species, HT decreased chlorophyll, grain number per spike, individual grain weight, and grain yield per plant by 38, 40, 56, and 70%, respectively. Based on a decrease in grain yield, A. speltoides Tausch and A. geniculata Roth were most tolerant and A. longissima Schweinf. & Muschl. was highly susceptible to HT stress. Tolerance was associated with higher grain number per spike and/or heavier grains. Within A. speltoides, accession TA 2348 was highly tolerant to HT with 13.5% decline in grain yield and a heat susceptibility index (HSI) of 0.23 whereas TA 1787 and TA 2097 were highly susceptible with >82% yield decline and HSIs > 1.4. Among A. geniculata, two moderately HT tolerant accessions, TA 2899 and TA 1819, were identified, with an HSI of 0.80. Our results suggest that there is genetic variability among Aegilops species that can be utilized in breeding wheat for HT tolerance at reproductive stage.