Oxidative stress in ischemia and reperfusion: current concepts, novel ideas and future perspectives

• Published in: Biomarkers in medicine Vol. 11; no. 11; pp. 11031 - 1040
• Main Authors: Sinning, Christoph, Westermann, Dirk, Clemmensen, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Future Medicine Ltd 01.11.2017
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic acid; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular disease; Enzymes; Glutathione peroxidase; Heart; Humans; Impact factors; Ischemia; ischemia/reperfusion; Ischemic Postconditioning; ischemic preconditioning; Laboratories; Myocardial infarction; Myocardial Infarction - metabolism; Myocardial Infarction - pathology; Myocardial Infarction - prevention & control; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - metabolism; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - pathology; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury - therapy; Myocardium - metabolism; Myocardium - pathology; Oxidative Stress; Pathophysiology; Patients; reactive oxygen species; Reperfusion; Superoxide dismutase; Trace elements; β-Carotene; ischemia/reperfusion; ischemic postconditioning; superoxide dismutase; reactive oxygen species; ischemic preconditioning; oxidative stress; glutathione peroxidase
• ISSN: 1752-0363; 1752-0371
• DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0110

Oxidative stress remains a major contributor to myocardial injury after ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) as the reperfusion of the myocardial infarction (MI) area inevitably leads to a cascade of I/R injury. This review focused on concepts of the antioxidative defense system and elucidates recent research using antioxidants like vitamin C, E and β-carotene or essential trace elements to activate compounds of antioxidative pathways in the circulation. In this context, important defense mechanisms like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase will be described. Furthermore, the different mechanisms through which myocardial protection can be addressed, like ischemic postconditioning in myocardial infarction or adjunctive measures like targeted temperature management as well as new theories, including the role of iron in I/R injury, will be discussed.