Inflammatory Regulators in Parkinson's Disease: iNOS, Lipocortin-1, and Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and focal gliosis are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and although the brain is described as immune-privileged focal immune reactions surround failing nigral neurons. We examined the cellular distribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules...
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Published in | Molecular and cellular neuroscience Vol. 16; no. 6; pp. 724 - 739 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.12.2000
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and focal gliosis are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and although the brain is described as immune-privileged focal immune reactions surround failing nigral neurons. We examined the cellular distribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules in human parkinsonian and neurologically normal substantia nigra and caudate–putamen postmortem. An up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase- and cyclo-oxygenase-1- and -2-containing amoeboid microglia was found in parkinsonian but not control nigra. Astroglia contained low levels of these molecules in both groups. Lipocortin-1-immunoreactive amoeboid microglia were present within the astrocytic envelope of neurons adjacent to or within glial scars in parkinsonian nigra only. Lipocortin-1 is known to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase is generally associated with neurodestruction whereas prostaglandin synthesis may be either neurodestructive or protective. The balance of these molecules is likely to be decisive in determining neuronal survival or demise. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 |
ISSN: | 1044-7431 1095-9327 |
DOI: | 10.1006/mcne.2000.0914 |