FDDM1 and FDDM2, Two SGS3-like Proteins, Function as a Complex to Affect DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification required for the specific regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability in plants and animals. However, the mechanism of DNA demethylation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two SGS3-like proteins, FACTOR OF DNA...

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Published inGenes Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 339
Main Authors Li, Shengjun, Yang, Weilong, Liu, Yunfeng, Li, Guangyong, Liu, Xiang, Liu, Yaling, Alfano, James R, Zhang, Chi, Yu, Bin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 12.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis - genetics
Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Cloning
Demethylation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA - metabolism
DNA Demethylation
DNA methylation
DNA Methylation - genetics
E coli
Enzymes
Epigenetics
FDDM1 and FDDM2
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Genomes
Homology
Mutation
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics
Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
SGS3-like protein
United States > US
FDDM1 and FDDM2
DNA demethylation
Arabidopsis
SGS3-like protein
epigenetics
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Summary:DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification required for the specific regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability in plants and animals. However, the mechanism of DNA demethylation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two SGS3-like proteins, FACTOR OF DNA DEMETHYLATION 1 (FDDM1) and FDDM2, negatively affect the DNA methylation levels at ROS1-dependend DNA loci in Arabidopsis. FDDM1 binds dsRNAs with 5' overhangs through its XS (rice gene X and SGS3) domain and forms a heterodimer with FDDM2 through its XH (rice gene X Homology) domain. A lack of FDDM1 or FDDM2 increased DNA methylation levels at several ROS1-dependent DNA loci. However, FDDM1 and FDDM2 may not have an additive effect on DNA methylation levels. Moreover, the XS and XH domains are required for the function of FDDM1. Taken together, these results suggest that FDDM1 and FDDM2 act as a heterodimer to positively modulate DNA demethylation. Our finding extends the function of plant-specific SGS3-like proteins.
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ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes13020339