Co-stimulation and counter-stimulation: lipid raft clustering controls TCR signaling and functional outcomes

T cell receptor (TCR) antigen recognition induces the formation of a specialized ‘immunological synapse’ at the T cell : antigen presenting cell (APC) junction. This junction is generated by the recruitment and exclusion of particular proteins from the contact area and is required for T cell activat...

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Published inSeminars in immunology Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 115 - 128
Main Authors Carrie Miceli, M, Moran, Miriana, Chung, Chan D, Patel, Viresh P, Low, T, Zinnanti, W
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2001
Subjects
Animals
Binding Sites
Cell Compartmentation
Cell Membrane - immunology
Cell Membrane - metabolism
Cytoskeleton - physiology
Humans
lipid rafts / TCR / costimulation / counter-stimulation / immune synapse
Lymphocyte Activation - immunology
Membrane Microdomains - immunology
Phosphorylation
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - immunology
Self Tolerance - immunology
Signal Transduction - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Tyrosine - metabolism
lipid rafts / TCR / costimulation / counter-stimulation / immune synapse
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Summary:T cell receptor (TCR) antigen recognition induces the formation of a specialized ‘immunological synapse’ at the T cell : antigen presenting cell (APC) junction. This junction is generated by the recruitment and exclusion of particular proteins from the contact area and is required for T cell activation. We and others have hypothesized that lipid raft/non-raft partitioning provides a molecular basis for protein sorting which organizes the TCR, co-stimulators, signal transducers and the actin cytoskeleton at the T cell : APC interface. Here we discuss the emerging paradigm that co-stimulators induce the directional transport and clustering of lipid rafts at the T cell : APC interface, thus generating platform(s) specialized for processive and sustained TCR signal transduction and T cell activation. We also discuss recent data implicating the involvement of ‘counter-stimulators’ and other negative regulators which prevent optimal raft clustering at the TCR contact site and, thus, facilitate T cell inactivation and tolerance induction.
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ISSN:1044-5323
1096-3618
DOI:10.1006/smim.2000.0303